Answer:
Case 1: 0.4266
Case 2: 0.5987
Case 3: 0.7422
Explanation:
We will use the following formula to find d1 which is also given in the attachment below:
d1 = [ ln(S/K) + (r + 0.5 * s^2)*t ] / s * √t
Here
K is strike price and is $60
r is risk free rate which is 3%
s is annual standard deviation which is 20%
t is the option period which is 1 one year
Case 1: Stock Price is $55
Here K is $55. Putting values in the above equation, we have:
d1 = [ ln(55/60) + (3% + 0.5 * 20%^2)*1 ] / 20% * √1
d1 = -0.1851
By using the normal distribution table, we can calculate N(d1) which is:
N(d1) = 0.4266
Case 2: Stock Price is $60
Here K is $60. Putting values in the above equation, we have:
d1 = [ ln(60/60) + (3% + 0.5 * 20%^2)*1 ] / 20% * √1
d1 = 0.25
By using the normal distribution table, we can calculate N(d1) which is:
N(d1) = 0.5987
Case 3: Stock Price is $65
Here K is $65. Putting values in the above equation, we have:
d1 = [ ln(65/60) + (3% + 0.5 * 20%^2)*1 ] / 20% * √1
d1 = 0.6502
By using the normal distribution table, we can calculate N(d1) which is:
N(d1) = 0.7422
c. punishment.
d. none of the above
e. positive reinforcement.
Answer:(E) Positive reinforcement
Explanation:
According to the given scenario, the positive reinforcement is one of the type of psychological behavior that helps in strengthening the behavior of the organisms.
The Option (1) is basically illustrating the concept of the positive reinforcement as Richard is spend his maximum time in the job and appropriate him when he perform well in the work.
The positive reinforcement is one of the type of operant conditioning in which it define the various types of new behavior and focuses on reducing the unwanted things.
Therefore, Option (E) is correct answer.