Which of the following advocates would support the protection of personal freedoms and civil rights?a. individual-rights advocates
b. public-order advocates
c. states'-rights advocates
d. crime-control advocates

One concept of American government and politics that this action illustrates is:

• The fact that it violates the 4th Amendment

Fourth Amendment

This refers to the amendment to the Constitution which protects the citizens from unlawful searches and seizures of their property.

The Patriot Act

This refers to the legislative act which was passed to protect the country from terrorist acts.

This has led some law enforcement to arbitrarily seize and search property that are suspected to be owned by terrorists and this violates the 4th Amendment.

Read more about 4th Amendment here:
brainly.com/question/3228820

The correct answer to this open question is the following.

Over time, some of the measures of the USA Patriot Act have been challenged by state governments who do not wish to cooperate with the federal government. A concept of American government and politics that this action illustrates could be that the state governors or the states legislatures consider that the Patriot Act violates the Constitution, specifically, it violates the 4th. Amendment to the Constitution of the United States. This amendment states that the federal government is not able to handle a search to any individual unless the government gets a warrant that says that there is some kind of proof that the person has committed a crime or there is enough evidence to suspect that the person is going to commit a crime.

The Patriot Act was enacted during the George W. Bush administration, after the terrible terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. Since then, the act has created a lot of controversy in the nation.

Answer:

d. Gerstein hearing

Explanation:

• Gerstein hearing is a process of hearing in which a court may summon an individual over criminal charges based on probable cause. The procedure of charging an individual with a criminal suit through a reasonable belief that the arrested individual is a potential criminal is called probable cause.

• An individual may be summoned by a court for a Gerstein hearing even without a warrant to determine whether there was a probable cause to arrest his/her.

Answer: a. General deterrence

Explanation:

The General deterrence goal of punishment stems from the belief that if a person sees another person punished for doing something, they will not do that same thing in order to avoid punishment.

For instance, if a person sells crack cocaine and are caught by the police, they will be taken to a court of law and if found guilty, sentenced to a prison term. The general deterrence goal behind that is that when people like Hamedah see people who sell crack cocaine going to jail, they will avoid selling crack cocaine in order to avoid going to jail as well.

Answer:

The justice system does not respond to most crime because so much crime is not discovered or reported to the police. Law enforcement agencies learn about crime from the reports of victims or other citizens, from discovery by a police officer in the field, from informants, or from investigative and intelligence work.

Explanation:

Answer:

C. :)

Explanation:

Answer:

b. With foreign leaders

Explanation:

Ideas for laws that CAN start in all of these places:

c. With regular US citizens  ⇒  You and I can come up with ideas for laws. In fact, most of the ideas for laws come from just regular US citizens.

d. With members of Congress  ⇒  Within Congress, representatives can come up with ideas for laws to help benefit the country. Members of the House of Representatives and the Senate can both do that.

a. With the president  ⇒  The president comes up with laws because he’s the one responsible for our country. So the president does still come up with ideas for laws to help with our country. But it’s not like the president gets to come up with anything he wants to and he can just sign the bill and it becomes a law. Every idea for a law always goes to Congress where the members decide if it’s good or not, including the president’s ideas.

Ideas for laws that CANNOT start in this place (the correct answer):

b. With foreign leaders  ⇒  Foreign leaders are leaders that are outside of our country. That’s what foreign means: overseas, distant, away, etc. Foreign leaders can’t come with ideas for laws because there not even in/part of our country.

In case you still don’t understand:

Example: Let’s say there is a King in England (there isn’t a king in England but this is just an example). Now, does the King of England get to come up with ideas for laws for our country? Absolutly not! He’s totally from a different country, and he doesn’t have the right to be in America’s business in making laws. He deals with his own country, not ours.

Hence,

Ideas for laws can start in all of these places EXCEPT:

b. With foreign leaders

Hope this helps! :D