Answer:
a) Assets: Reserves $200,000; Liabilities: Deposits $200,000
b) Amount Deposited: $2000,000; Change in Excess Reserves: $190,000; and Change in Required Reserves: $10,000
c) See the calculation below and the attached excel file for the table.
d) the $200,000 injection into the money supply results in an overall increase of $4,000,000 in demand deposits.
Explanation:
These can be answered as follows:
a) Complete the following table to reflect any changes in First Main Street Bank's T-account (before the bank makes any new loans).
Note: See the attached excel file for the table.
The $200,000 deposited by Lorenzo to First Main Street Bank led to the creation of both an asset and a liability for First Main Street Bank.
As a result, the reserve of the bank is increased by $200,000 on the asset side of the T-account. It is therefore now possible for the ban to grant loan to other customers from these additional reserves.
In addition, the demand deposit of the bank is increased by $200,000 on the liability side of the T-account. This is recorded as a demand deposit because it is possible for Lorenzo to come at any time to the band to withdraw his deposit either by using a debit card or by writing a check.
b) Complete the following table to show the effect of a new deposit on excess and required reserves when the required reserve ratio is 5%. Hint: If the change is negative, be sure to enter the value as negative number.
Note: See the attached excel file for the table. Just scroll the excel file down to part b.
The required reserve ratio of 5% indicates that First Main Street Bank has to hold 5% of the $200,000 the deposit or fresh fresh reserves, and this will result in having a 95% excess reserve which the bank can employ to grant loans.
From the amount deposited, the change in excess reserve and the change in the required reserve can be computed as follows:
Amount deposited = $200,000
Change in excess reserve = $200,000 * (1 - 5%) = $190,000
Change in required reserve = $200,000 * 5% = $10,000
c) Now, suppose First Main Street Bank loans out all of its new excess reserves to Juanita, who immediately uses the funds to write a check to Gilberto. Gilberto deposits the funds immediately into his checking account at Second Republic Bank. Then Second Republic Bank lends out all of its new excess reserves to Lorenzo, who writes a check to Neha, who deposits the money into her account at Third Fidelity Bank. Third Fidelity lends out all of its new excess reserves to Teresa as well.Fill in the following table to show the effect of this ongoing chain of events at each bank. Enter each answer to the nearest dollar.
Note: See the attached excel file for the table. Just scroll the excel file down to part c.
As already computed in part b above, we have the following to show the effect of this ongoing chain of events at each bank, we have:
For First Main Street Bank:
Increase deposit = Deposit from Lorenzo = $200,000
increase in required reserve = $200,000 * 5% = $10,000
Increase in loans = Loan to Juanita = $200,000 * (1 - 5%) = $190,000
For Second Republic Bank:
Increase deposit = Deposit from Gilberto = $190,000
Increase in required reserve = $190,000 * 5% = $9,500
Increase in Loans = Loans to Lorenzo = $190,000 * (1 - 5%) = $180,500
For Third Fidelity Bank:
Increase deposit = Deposit from Neha = $180,500
Increase in required reserve = $180,500 * 5% = $9,025
Increase in Loans = Loans to Teresa = $180,500 * (1 - 5%) = $171,475
d) Assume this process continues, with each successive loan deposited into a checking account and no banks keeping any excess reserves. Under these assumptions, the $200,000 injection into the money supply results in an overall increase of in demand deposits.
In order to calculate this, the formula for the money multiplier is used to multiply the initial deposit or injection of $200,000 by Lorenzo as follows:
Money multiplier = 1/r
Where r denotes required reserve ratio of 5%, or 0.05.
Therefore, we have:
Overall increase in demand deposits = Injection * (1 / r) = $200,000 * (1 / 0.05) = $200,000 * 20 = $4,000,000
Therefore, the $200,000 injection into the money supply results in an overall increase of $4,000,000 in demand deposits.
When the Federal Reserve buys a government bond from a client of First Main Street Bank, the bank's assets increase by the bond value and its liabilities increase by the same amount in deposits.
In this scenario, when the Federal Reserve buys a $200,000 government bond from Lorenzo, a client of First Main Street Bank, and he deposits the money into his checking account at the bank, there are changes in the bank's T-account. The bank's assets increase by $200,000 in reserves, while its liabilities increase by $200,000 in deposits.
Next, if First Main Street Bank loans out all of its new excess reserves to Juanita, who writes a check to Gilberto, Gilberto deposits the funds into his checking account at Second Republic Bank. This process continues with each successive loan deposited into a checking account at each bank. The increase in deposits, required reserves, and loans at each bank can be filled in the table provided.
Assuming this process continues with no banks keeping any excess reserves, the $200,000 injection into the money supply results in an overall increase of $200,000 in demand deposits.
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c. Paid $513 in principal and $91 in interest expense on long-term debt.
d. Earned $88,988 in sales revenue; collected $87,949 in cash with the customers owing the rest on account.
e. Incurred $10,766 in shipping expenses, all on credit. F. Paid $28,241 cash on accounts owed to suppliers. G. Incurred $4,332 in marketing expenses; paid cash. H. Collected $620 in cash from customers paying on account. I. Borrowed $6,359 in cash as long-term debt. J. Used inventory costing $62,752 when sold to customers. K. Paid $177 in income tax recorded as an expense in the prior year.
The subject of this question is Business at a College level. It provides various transactions and asks for clarification. The step-by-step breakdown of each transaction helps understand the scenario and the financial implications.
The subject of this question is Business and it is at a College level. The question provides various transactions and asks for clarification on the subject matter. Below is a step-by-step breakdown of each transaction:
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The question involves interpreting 'business transactions' and their effect on the components of the accounting equation (Assets = Liabilities + Equity). Various business transactions mentioned include issuing stock, purchasing equipment, earning and collecting sales revenue, borrowing and paying long-term debt, and more.
The subject of this question encompasses various business transactions that ultimately affect an entity's financial statements. The transactions in this question fall into categories of equity transactions (issuing stock), asset acquisitions (purchasing equipment), liabilities and equity transactions (borrowing and paying long-term debt), revenue and receivable transactions (earning and collecting sales revenue), expense and payable transactions (incurred shipping and marketing expenses), inventory transactions (using inventory sold to customers) and tax transactions (paying income tax recorded as an expense in the previous year).
Each of these transactions will have a dual effect on the components of the accounting equation (Assets = Liabilities + Equity).
For instance, when the company issued stocks for $6 cash, it increased its cash asset and its equity. When the company purchased equipment costing $6,320, paying $4,893 in cash and charging the rest on account, it increased its equipment asset, decreased its cash asset and increased its Accounts Payable liability.
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a. Sam faces economies of scale; Liza faces diseconomies of scale; Tina faces constant returns to scale.
b. Sam faces economies of scale; Tina faces diseconomies of scale; Liza faces constant returns to scale.
c. Tina faces economies of scale; Sam faces diseconomies of scale; Liza faces constant returns to scale.
d. Liza faces economies of scale; Sam faces diseconomies of scale; Tina faces constant returns to scal
Answer: d. Liza faces economies of scale; Sam faces diseconomies of scale; Tina faces constant returns to scale
Explanation:
Economies of scale occurs when the increase in production by companies brings about a reduction in cost. Diseconomies of scale is when a rise in production leads to an increase in cost as well. For a constant return to scale, the cost remains the same.
Therefore, the answer will be option D "Liza faces economies of scale; Sam faces diseconomies of scale; Tina faces constant returns to scale".
Answer:
The Annual Operating Cash Flow is $1,029,811.43
Explanation:
Initial Investment = Cost of Machine + Modification Cost
Initial Investment = $2,575,000 + $375,000
Initial Investment = $2,950,000
Salvage Value = $0
Useful Life = 7 years
Depreciation per year = (Initial Investment - Salvage Value) / Useful Life
Depreciation per year = ($2,950,000 - $0) / 7
Depreciation per year = $421,428.57
Annual Operating Cash Flow = (Sales – Operating Costs) * (1 – Tax Rate) + Tax Rate * Depreciation
Annual Operating Cash Flow = ($1,890,000 - $454,600) * (1 - 0.40) + 0.40 * $421,428.571
Annual Operating Cash Flow = $1,435,400 * 0.60 + 0.40 * $421,428.571
Annual Operating Cash Flow = $1,029,811.4284
Annual Operating Cash Flow = $1,029,811.43
The annual operating cash flow for ABC after considering costs related to the machine investment, increased sales, and taxes, is $1,034,097.
To compute the annual operating cash flow, we first add up the total cost of the machine. This includes the purchase price of the machine which is $2,575,000, the cost of modifications which is $375,000, and the additional inventory investment of $75,000. This gives a total investment cost of $3,025,000. Given that this will be depreciated straight-line over 7 years with no salvage value, the annual depreciation expense will be $3,025,000 / 7 = $432,143.
The machine is expected to increase ABC's sales revenues by $1,890,000 per year, but will also increase operating costs excluding depreciation by $454,600. Therefore, the total annual income before tax would be the increased sales ($1,890,000) minus the increased costs ($454,600) and the depreciation ($432,143), which equals $1,003,257.
As ABC's tax rate is 40%, the annual tax payable will be: $1,003,257 * 0.4 = $401,303. The annual income after tax is then $1,003,257 - $401,303 = $601,954. Finally, we must remember to add back the depreciation (as it is a non-cash item) to get to EBIT. This gives us a final operating cash flow of $601,954 + $432,143 = $1,034,097.
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(B) Answer questions about the project after contract award
(C) Debrief the bidder on their performance after completion of the contract
(D) Solicit pricing information from the bidders on proposed scope changes
Answer:
A. Answer questions about the project prior to submittal of proposals
Explanation:
A bidder conference is a meeting held by a buyer to discuss a possible purchase with multiple potential suppliers.
Bidder conferences are used to answer questions about the project prior to the submittal of proposals, ensuring a clear understanding of project requirements for all potential bidders.
Bidder conferences are a tool used in the procurement process of projects. The correct answer to what bidder conferences are used for is (A) Answer questions about the project prior to submittal of proposals. These conferences provide a forum for potential bidders to clarify any uncertainties regarding the project scope, specifications, and procurement process. The primary purpose of a bidder conference is to ensure that all potential bidders have a clear and common understanding of the project requirements, which helps them to prepare accurate and competitive proposals.
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b. delegating authority to middle and lower-level managers and creating a sense of empowerment among employees to move the implementation process forward.
c. gathering information firsthand and gauging the progress beingmade.
d. learning the obstacles in the path of good execution and clearing the way for progress.
e. holding periodic ceremonies to honor people who excel in displaying the company values and ethical principles.
Answer:
E: Holding periodic ceremonies to honor people who excel in displaying the company values and ethical principles.
Explanation:
A, B, C and D all show the top-level excellence that a manager needs to take a lead on. E, however, does not. Although it'll be fun and joyful if the manager makes a ceremony to those who work efficiently, it's not a must. Hope this helps!
Answer:
The definition is defined in the clarification section following, according to the particular circumstance.
Explanation:
Office design influences employees' social interaction, collaboration, and creativity. Encouraging a culture of collaboration and creativity benefits all organizations, fostering productivity, job satisfaction, and retention. Balancing collaborative and private spaces within the design is crucial.
Different types of office design significantly influence employee social interaction, collaboration, and creativity. For example, an open-plan office may encourage more spontaneous conversations and collaboration compared with a cubicle-based layout, which tends to isolate employees, limiting their social interactions. Conversely, a cubicle-based design might allow for more focused work free from disruptions.
Socializing employees through shared experiences can impact their opinions about various policies. Therefore, designing the workplace to facilitate social interaction may align employees' thinking, leading to more cohesive and cooperative attitudes.
Workplace socialization can occur both informally and formally. Informal socialization can be fostered through common areas where employees congregate, such as a shared kitchen or a communal lounge. Formal socialization can be established by implementing structured activities or meetings that encourage interactions between employees.
Encouraging a culture of collaboration and creativity should be a standard practice in all organizations, even those that don't initially seem innovative. A culture of collaboration can increase productivity, job satisfaction, and workplace retention. Organizations increasingly structure themselves to delegate work to teams, capitalizing on diverse skills, experience, and expertise.
However, it's essential to balance the need for collaboration with the need for focused, individual work. Using a variety of office design elements such as quiet zones, collaboration areas, and private spaces can help achieve this balance.
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