Answer: 11.4
Explanation:
the effect of natural disasters on the environment
b.
the effectiveness of current environmental law
c.
the effect of species loss on the environment
d.
the effect of dioxin on organisms in the environment
The effect of species loss on the environment is researched by an ecologist in an ecosystem. Thus option C is correct.
An ecosystem is defined as the structural and functional unit of where the living organisms interact with each other and their surrounding and was coined by A.G.Tansley, an English botanist, in 1935.
The basic components of an ecosystem are Biotic Components and Abiotic Components, both the components are interrelated with each other by doing energy flow.
Biotic components belongs to all living components like autotrophs, heterotrophs and saprotrophs. Autotrophs or producers like plants.
Second is consumer or heterotrophs which depend on other organisms for their food, can be primary consumers, secondary consumers and tertiary consumers.
Primary consumers are herbivores, Secondary consumers can be either carnivores or omnivores. Tertiary consumers get energy from on secondary consumers.
Quaternary consumers are carnivores and Decomposers include saprophytes feed on dead and decaying matter.
Thus option C is correct.
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Ans.
Central dogma of molecular biology demonstrates formation of protein molecules from the information present in DNA molecules. It is a two step process, first is transcription and second is translation.
Transcription involves formation of RNA molecule from parent DNA strand. In mRNA, information is present as triplets of nucleotides, called as codons. Translation involves formation of protein from mRNA molecule. During translation, each codon codes for a specific amino acid and formation of a polypeptide chain takes place that forms protein after proper folding.
In prokaryotic organisms, both transcription ad translation take place in cytosol as nucleus is absent in their cells. In eukaryotic organisms, transcription takes place in nucleus, while , translation occurs in cytosol.
How does the uncontrolled cellular division result in cancer cells?