Sickle-cell anemia is a genetically inherited disease. Homozygous individuals (SS) have normal blood cells that are easily infected with the malarial parasite. Thus, many of these individuals become ill and may die. Individuals homozygous for the sickle-cell trait (ss) have sickled red blood cells that readily collapse when deoxygenated. Although malaria cannot grow in these red blood cells, individuals often die because of the hemoglobin disorder. However, individuals with the heterozygous condition (Ss) have some sickling of red blood cells, but generally not enough to cause death. In addition, the heterozygotes tend to survive better than either of the homozygous conditions as they are resistant to malaria. If 16% of an African population is born with a severe form of sickle-cell anemia (ss), what percentage of the population will be heterozygous (Ss) for sickle-cell and therefore resistant to malaria?

The correct answer is Robert Hooke.  

The invention of the microscope is one of the most essential discoveries ever made by the scientists. Robert Hooke in 1965, witnessed a slice of thin cork beneath the microscope and witnessed minute spaces, which appeared like small rooms combined together.  

As they appeared like the tiny quarter of prisoners or monk he named the structures as cells.  

This was Scientist Hooke... he was once in jail and that may have been one of the reasons he made the connection to the cells shape and called them what they are today :)

lol we just learned this biology earlier this week and I'm so proud of myself that I remember :)

Answer:

An autosome corresponds to a somatic chromosome, which defines structural and functional characteristics in an individual, while the gamete is a cell containing autosomes, useful in sexual reproduction.

Explanation:

The somatic chromosomes are called autosomes, since they contain the genetic information necessary to define the structure and functions of a living being. In humans, there are 23 pairs of chromosomes, of which 22 pairs correspond to autosomes.

The gametes, or sex cells, are in charge of transmitting the genetic information from parents to offspring, and are formed by chromosomes. As gametes are haploid cells, they possess half of the chromosome load, that is, in the human being there are 22 autosomes.

Generally speaking, an autosome is a somatic chromosome, while a gamete is a cell containing autosomes.

Answer:

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is an essential biomolecule that stores and provides chemical energy in living organisms. It acts as a "currency" for energy transfer within cells. Let's break down its structure and function:

1. Structure: ATP is composed of three main components:

a. Adenine base: It's a nitrogen-containing molecule that serves as a building block of nucleotides.

b. Ribose sugar: This is a five-carbon sugar molecule that is bonded to the adenine base.

c. Phosphate groups: ATP has three phosphate groups attached to the ribose sugar.

2. Energy Storage: The energy in ATP is stored in the bonds between the phosphate groups. These bonds are high-energy bonds, meaning they contain a lot of potential energy.

3. Energy Release: When the cell needs energy, ATP can be hydrolyzed, or broken down, by removing one phosphate group. This results in the formation of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and an inorganic phosphate molecule. The breaking of this bond releases energy that can be used by the cell for various processes.

4. Recycling ATP: ADP can be further hydrolyzed to form adenosine monophosphate (AMP) by removing another phosphate group, but this reaction releases less energy compared to the conversion of ATP to ADP. ATP can be regenerated by adding a phosphate group back to ADP through a process called phosphorylation. This recycling process allows ATP to continuously provide energy within the cell.

To summarize, ATP is a molecule that stores and provides chemical energy in cells. It consists of an adenine base, ribose sugar, and three phosphate groups. Energy is released when ATP is converted to ADP by breaking the bond between the second and third phosphate groups. ADP can be further converted to AMP, but with less energy release. Through phosphorylation, ADP can be converted back to ATP, ensuring a continuous supply of energy for cellular process

Three Louse Vectored Pathogens

Explanation:

• The body louse , Pediculus humanus corporis, is the vector of three human pathogens such as   the operator of pandemic typhus  and Borrelia recurrentis and Rickettsia prowazekii,

• The specialist of backsliding fever and Bartonella quintana, the operator of channel fever, bacillary angiomatosis, endocarditis, incessant bacteremia, and constant lymphadenopathy.
• Mite borne ailments can be related with high rate of illness and demise, particularly scourge typhus and backsliding fever, which can be lethal in up to 40% of patients.
• The ailments are for the most part common in individuals living in neediness and packed conditions, for instance, vagrants and those associated with war circumstances.