How are cis-trans isomers used for night vision?

Answers

Answer 1
Answer:

Answer: 11-cis Retinal is the light-sensitive component of rod and cone photoreceptors, and this structural conformation in rod photoreceptors is vital for low-light vision (night vision)

Explanation: To detect light, photoreceptors (especially rods) employ the exceptional properties of 11-cis retinal. Rods transmits low-light vision, as only them have enough sensitivity to respond and to trigger vision .

11-cis retinal in rods are bound to an opsin signaling protein to form a visual pigment molecule. Its other isomer, the all trans retinal is isomerized to 11-cis retinal causing the branching of the polyene chain, deactivating opsin molecule and increasing sensitivity to light. This adaptation occurs rapidly in minutes in the dark, resulting in maximum sensitivity to light.

Answer 2
Answer: "Cis-Trans Isomerism in Vision 
The retina, the light-detector layer in the back of our eyes, contains colored compounds called visual pigments. They are insoluble in water and can be extracted from the retina with aqueous detergents. In the dark these pigments are reddish (their name, rhodopsin, comes from a Greek word meaning rose-colored), but the color fades upon exposure to light. 

Rhodopsin molecules contain a protein called opsin plus a derivative of vitamin A called 11-cis-retinal. In the dark, 11-cis-retinal fits nicely into the folds of the surrounding opsin. When light hits the rhodopsin, the 11-cis-retinal becomes all-trans-retinal and no longer fits into the cavity of opsin. The opsin and the all-trans-retinal separate. The change in rhodopsin conformation is eventually transmitted to the nerve cells in the eye and then the brain. The stereoisomerism of retinal is thus an important part of the vision process. Note that only one of the five double bonds is affected in this transformation, but when this one changes from cis to trans, the shape of the entire molecule changes. An enzyme later catalyzes the change of all-trans-retinal back to 11-cis-retinal so that it can once again bind opsin and wait for the next exposure to light. 

The retinas of vertebrates have two kinds of cells that contain rhodopsin. These cells are distinguished by their shapes: rods and cones. The cones, which function in bright light and are used in color vision, are concentrated in the central portion of the retina, called the macula, and are responsible for the greatest visual acuity. The remaining area of the retina consists mostly of rods, which are used for peripheral and night vision. 11-cis-retinal is present in both rods and cones. However, the opsin is somewhat different in the two kinds of cells, and the cones have three different opsins, one kind each for perception of blue, green, and red colors." 

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Plants with a primary root and little lateral roots that extend out from it have a ____ system.

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Plants with a primary root and little lateral roots that extend out from it have a tap root system.

A taproot system, generally found in dicotyledons, is made up a central, large pointed root and this is what is called the taproot.

Smaller roots branch off from the taproot and are known as lateral roots. The tap root is larger in diameter than the lateral roots. Tap roots generally grow much more deeply into the soil compared to fibrous roots.

Answer:

The answer is a taproot system.

❤ I hope this helps you, ma'am/sir/whatever your pronouns are! ❤

The _________ is the actual genes that an organism has. For example: HH, Hh or hh.A. Genotype
B. Phenotype
C. Heterozygous
D. Homozygous

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I would belive the answer is A. Genotype

Which cell structure directs the cell activities

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The nucleus -- it is the powerhouse of the cell!

Answer:

meb is right  give him stars plz im saying this so no one can give you the worng Answer

What is the phenotype of a heterozygous person using T for tall and t for short

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 Sense the person is heterozygous, the person will receive one of each gene. Phenotype is what the person will look like. So sense T is for tall, this will be the dominant trait because it's capital, t is for short, and is less dominant. So the person's phenotype will be tall.

--Hope this helped.

Answer:

the phenotype is tall

Explanation:

T= dominant

t=short

the dominant always masks the recessive genotype

phenotype means the physical appearance of an organism, so it would be tall

The most abundant tissue type by weight in the body is________tissue.a. epitheliab. nervec. connectived. muscle

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Answer: c. connective

Explanation:

Connective tissue is the abundantly present tissue in the human or animal body. It is widely distributed and exists in varied type in the human or animal body. It includes the fat, bone, bone marrow, blood, cartilage, fibrous tissues. The function of the connective tissue is to provide the support and protection to the body. All connective tissues consists of fibers, cells and ground substances. The cells of the connective tissues include the macrophages, adipocytes, leucocytes, mast cells and fibroblasts.

The adipocytes are the cells which deposit fat in them. These cells are responsible for the majority of the weight in the body.

Connective Tissue is the most abundant by weight

What is the purpose of the peptide bond that is shown in The diagram

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It connects amino acids