Recombination reshuffles alleles of two genes that lie on the same chromosome type, whereas independent assortment reshuffles alleles of two genes that lie on different chromosome types.
Explanation:
Alleles are two forms of same gene, they are located on the same loci of the homologous pair.
Recombination occurs when alleles from two homologous chromosomes get reshuffled during crossing over in meiosis.
Independent assortment refers to the tendency of alleles to be inherited independently from one generation to other.
Answer:
there are three different species.
Explanation:
There are three different species of monkey according to the hypothesis because all monkey species have different feeds i. e. one feed on the fruits while the other feed on the tree sap. It also shows that two monkey species have same feed i. e. eating fruits while one specie feeds on tree sap. This hypothesis also shows that no specie of monkey feeds on leaves and insects present on the trees.
Answer:
Histopathology uses tissue samples to identify fungal structures by microscopy. If fungi are suspected, the specimens are first colored with stains that highlight the fungal wall as Gomori methenamine silver (GMS) or periodic acid-Schiff (PAS). This method, although is an important tool for the microbiologist, has also several limitations.
Explanation:
Hopes this helps you. But it is probably 1,2, and 3. Or it can be all of them.
Evolution dictates our lot in life with the undisputable fact that in order to survive, all animals, including us, must consume the by-products of DNA (i.e., living things). Since living things provide the only DNA sources available, we must eat the flesh of life (plants and/or animals) to continue our existence. This presents a dilemma and a moral problem if we consider killing life as immoral and conserving life as moral. I hope to clarify some of the problems and to dispel some of the myths about eating plants and animals both from a health and moral perspective. We can have no argument about the following: all animals consume either plants, animals or both. Every species of animal falls into the category of either carnivore, herbivore, or omnivore (other classifications exist such as frugivore, granivore, insectivore, etc. but these fall under sub-classes of the three major groups). Eating high concentrations of protein (meat) has evolutionary benefits for carnivores. Meat serves as an efficient way to build a body and to economically replenish lost muscle tissue. Carnivores usually have lean, fast moving bodies, good for running down or overpowering prey. They have short digestive tracts, good for quickly eliminating unnecessary mass and allowing a high muscle, low-fat balance. Humans do not fall into the carnivore group. Herbivores (vegetarians), on the other hand, need longer intestines to break down and assimilate tough-to-break-down plant fibers. This means that the food stays in the gut for long periods of time. Most herbivore mammals have higher fat concentrations than carnivores and they don't have the speed compared to carnivores. Just observe the large bellies of the great apes, and ruminants (oxen, cattle, sheep, etc.), and you will see how obese they seem compared to hunter-carnivores. Humans do not fall into the herbivore group either. Homo sapiens, of course, fall into to the omnivore class. Through natural selection, we evolved the teeth of omnivores, good for grinding grain, stripping leaves, and eating meat. We have long intestines (somewhere between carnivore and herbivore intestinal tracts), and a digestive system that will break down both acidic and alkaline based foods (protein, carbohydrates, and fat). Our closest relatives, the chimpanzees, also have an omnivore diet (not only do they eat plants and fruits but they hunt and eat monkeys, for example). Humans beat all other omnivores by a large margin (omnivore comes from the Latin: Omni or everything). People will eat anything including bacteria, fungus, plants, and animals. From the plants, we will eat roots, bark, sap, leaves, berries, fruits, nuts, flowers, and seeds. We will eat any animal, including worms, insects, crustaceans, fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals (and in some cases, people). We will eat their meat, fat, eyes, brain, organs (including testicles), bones and shells (for calcium), milk, and blood. Humans will even eat rotten food such as cheese and sour cream (due to decomposition from bacteria). Risen bread and alcohol drinks made by fermentation comes about from the waste products of yeast. Japanese people eat natto, a form of rotten fermented soybean. Ræst kjøt comes from rotten mutton. Humans eat lots of rotten fish. The Icelandic delicacy hákarl comes from a rotten shark; the Swedes love surströmming, a rotten herring dish; Ræstur Fisker describes a half-dried rotten fish delicacy; the Russian Fresca comes from decomposed codfish. Some humans even drink urine. Yes, urine*.
B) thyroid hormone
C) testosterone
D) parathyroid hormone
E) acetylcholine
Answer:
The correct answer will be option-E.
Explanation:
Acetylcholine belongs to a group of chemical messengers which also acts as neurotransmitters in the synaptic transmission of the signals.
The acetylcholine is present in the vesicles in the synaptic knob which when released at the neuromuscular junction cause the contraction of the skeletal muscle along with cardiac and smooth muscle.
The mechanism of action is different in different muscles as the neurotransmitter binds to the nicotinic receptors present on the motor endplate and opens ligand-gated sodium channels.
In smooth and cardiac muscle it binds to the muscarinic receptors and cause the release of calcium ions and potassium ions respectively and cause muscle contraction.
Thus, option-E is the correct answer.
The stages of replication is Attachment, Penetration and Replication
The following information should be considered:
The common steps in both cycles are given below:
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Answer:
Attachment, Penetration and Replication
Explanation:
A bacteriophage is a virus that attacks bacterial cells. The lytic and lysogenic cycles are two methods of viral replication. In the lytic cycle, the virions produced are released from the host cell whereas in the lysogenic cycle, viral nucleic material are incorporated into host nucleic material and are copied to daughter cells when the host cell reproduces. The common steps in both cycles are given below:
1 Attachment – in this step, the bacteriophage attaches itself to the surface of the host cell so as to insert its DNA into the host cell.
2. Penetration – the virus inserts its DNA into the host cell by penetrating the cell membrane of the host cell.
3. Replication – the viral nucleic material is replicated using the host cell's replication mechanism.