Post-Traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder that can occur after the Veteran experiences a traumatic event. ... Anyone who has gone through a life-threatening event can develop PTSD. These events can include: Combat or military exposure.
Answer: b. p-t-s-d (PTSD)
nformation for how many patients took each drug or combination of drugs is summarized below in the two tables. Use these to answer questions a) -d)
Table 1. Summary of performance of drug A: UTI rates among those taking and not taking drug ADid not take Drug ADid take Drug A
total UTI
759
887
164 No UTI
441 312 753Total 1200 1200
2400Table 2. Summary of performance of drug B and C: recovery status after 1 week of taking medications.
Did not take Drug A
Did take Drug A
Drug B
Drug C
Drug B
Drug C
Recovered
191
209
221
244
Not Recovered
189
170
223
199
Total
380
379
444
443
a. Use the above Table 1 to determine if Drug A was useful in preventing UTIs. In other words, is the proportion of those having taking Drug A but still getting a UTI equal to average rate of UTI for this population (living in an assisted living home) of 74%. Use hypothesis testing to test our hypothesis and use the confidence interval approach with a significance level of α=0.01.
b. Using Table 2, let’s examine the rate of UTI recovery among Drug C (conventional antibiotics). The manufacturer of Drug C claims it has a success rate (recovery within a week) of 55%. Use our data to see if this success rate is true: test if our recovery rate of those taking Drug C, regardless of whether the person took Drug A or not, is the same or different than 55%. Use hypothesis testing and the p-value approach with an α=0.05.
c. Similarly, let’s examine Drug B’s performance. Repeat our hypothesis among Drug B: test if our recovery rate of those taking drug B is different than 55% (regardless of whether the patient took Drug A or not). Use hypothesis testing and p-value approach with an α=0.1.
Answer:
(View Below)
Explanation:
Let's tackle each part of the question step by step:
a. **Testing the Effectiveness of Drug A:**
We want to test if the proportion of patients who took Drug A and still got a UTI is equal to the average rate of UTIs for this population (74%). We can use a hypothesis test for proportions. Here are the hypotheses:
- **Null Hypothesis (H0):** The proportion of patients who took Drug A and got a UTI is equal to 74%.
- **Alternative Hypothesis (Ha):** The proportion of patients who took Drug A and got a UTI is not equal to 74%.
We'll perform a two-tailed test at a significance level of α = 0.01.
Using the provided data:
- Proportion of UTIs among those who took Drug A = 887 / 1200 ≈ 0.7392
- Proportion of UTIs among those who did not take Drug A = 759 / 1200 ≈ 0.6325
We can calculate the standard error for the difference in proportions and perform the hypothesis test. I'll calculate the z-score and p-value for you:
Z = (0.7392 - 0.6325) / √[0.6325 * (1 - 0.6325) / 1200] ≈ 2.8413
Now, looking up the z-score in a standard normal distribution table, we find the critical values for a two-tailed test at α = 0.01 to be approximately ±2.576.
Since our calculated z-score (2.8413) is greater than the critical value (2.576), we can reject the null hypothesis.
Therefore, there is evidence to suggest that Drug A is useful in preventing UTIs because the proportion of patients who took Drug A and still got a UTI is significantly different from the average rate of UTIs for this population.
b. **Testing the Recovery Rate of Drug C:**
We want to test if the recovery rate for Drug C is different from the claimed success rate of 55%. We can use a hypothesis test for proportions. Here are the hypotheses:
- **Null Hypothesis (H0):** The recovery rate of those taking Drug C is equal to 55%.
- **Alternative Hypothesis (Ha):** The recovery rate of those taking Drug C is different from 55%.
We'll perform a two-tailed test at a significance level of α = 0.05.
Using the provided data:
- Proportion of recovery among those taking Drug C = (221 + 244) / 443 ≈ 0.9955
We can calculate the standard error for the proportion and perform the hypothesis test. I'll calculate the z-score and p-value for you:
Z = (0.9955 - 0.55) / √[0.55 * (1 - 0.55) / 443] ≈ 18.3841
The critical values for a two-tailed test at α = 0.05 are approximately ±1.96.
Since our calculated z-score (18.3841) is much greater than the critical value (1.96), we can reject the null hypothesis.
Therefore, there is strong evidence to suggest that the recovery rate for Drug C is different from the claimed success rate of 55%.
c. **Testing the Recovery Rate of Drug B:**
We want to test if the recovery rate for Drug B is different from the claimed success rate of 55%. We'll perform a two-tailed test at a significance level of α = 0.1.
Using the provided data:
- Proportion of recovery among those taking Drug B = (221 + 244) / 444 ≈ 0.9919
We can calculate the standard error for the proportion and perform the hypothesis test. I'll calculate the z-score and p-value for you:
Z = (0.9919 - 0.55) / √[0.55 * (1 - 0.55) / 444] ≈ 17.7503
The critical values for a two-tailed test at α = 0.1 are approximately ±1.645.
Since our calculated z-score (17.7503) is much greater than the critical value (1.645), we can reject the null hypothesis.
Therefore, there is strong evidence to suggest that the recovery rate for Drug B is different from the claimed success rate of 55%.
The six nutrients found in food are: carbohydrates, protein, fat, vitamins, minerals and water.
It is categorised into: carbohydrates, protein, fat, vitamins, minerals, roughage and water.
Hence, the correct answers are: carbohydrates, protein, fat, vitamins, minerals and water.
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The wall test is best considered a coordination test because when we throw anything or touching the wall we must coordinate with the eye and body.
Further Explanation:
Wall test used to check the fitness of an individual. In this, the wall is touched with an object or a person. For example, we can check belly fat through wall test. In this, we check the belly part of a body is touched first to the wall or her breast. If her belly touches to the wall first then she requires more exercise.
Coordination is the capability of an individual to move two or more body parts smoothly and efficiently. We can study the coordination typically by hand-eye or foot-eye movement.
Coordination test is used in fitness test to check the coordination between body and eyes. There are other tests also, for example, throwing power jump and vertical jump.
Wall test is considered a good example of coordination test because if we throw a ball to the wall the individual must coordinate what they see and movement with their body. If a person is not doing well in constantly hitting the ball back to the wall it could be a sign of poor coordination.
Learn more:
1. Learn more about component of health brainly.com/question/1193354
2. Learn more about health product brainly.com/question/1524826
3. Learn more about the factor that increases the risk of injury brainly.com/question/768278
Answer Details:
Grade: High School
Subject: Health
Chapter: Fitness Test
Keywords:
Ball, coordination test, wall test, hand, eye, foot, power jump, vertical jump, fitness, belly, fat.
B. drink 12 glasses of water per day.
C. serve gravies, sauces, or dressings on the side.
D. completely eliminate bread and dairy from the diet.
Answer: C. SERVE GRAVIES, SAUCES, OR DRESSINGS ON THE SIDE...
Explanation: IF YOU SERVE THE GRAVIES, SAUCES OR DRESSINGS ON THE SIDE, IT WILL AVOID CONSUMING TOO MUCH OF THEM.
P.S I JUST TOOK A COURSE IN DEVELOPING HEALTHY EATING HABITS...
The four essential components of effective refusal skills are: Clear and assertive communication, Saying "No" firmly, Providing a reason and Alternatives or suggestions
By combining these components, individuals can effectively and respectfully refuse offers or peer pressure, helping them make positive choices and maintain their personal boundaries.
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The complete question is:
What are the four essential components of effective refusal skills?