Viruses express tissue tropism and host specificity. In particular, the avian influenza strain H5N1 has rare incidences in humans due to the reduced distribution of alpha-2,3 sialic acids in the lower respiratory tract. As a consequence, when the H5N1 strain does infect a human, the disease is very severe due to the risk of pneumonia. In contrast, human influenza strains (H1N1, among others) attach to alpha-2,6 sialic acids, which are readily expressed in the upper and lower respiratory tract. Which of the following would not be true if a mutation were to allow the H5N1 strain to attach to alpha-2,6 sialic acids?Choose one:

A. The avian influenza strain could be transmitted easily from human to human.

B. An epidemic would likely ensue due to the lack of immunity to the new avian influenza strain.

C. The avian influenza strain could be transmitted directly from birds to humans.

D. The avian influenza strain would only infect the lower respiratory tract of humans.

Hint: Alpha-2,6 sialic acid is expressed throughout the human respiratory tract.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Answer:

Of the mentioned statements, the incorrect one is option D.

Explanation:

The normal H5N1 strain or the bird flu virus when get attached with the alpha 2,3-sialic acid results in the infection of the lower respiratory tract in humans. The condition occurs very rarely. In comparison, the H1N1 or the human influenza strain gets attached with alpha-2,6 sialic acids and easily results in the infection of the upper and lower respiratory tract.

However, if the mutation takes place in the H5N1 strain, it can bind with the alpha-2,6 sialic acid and can result in the overall infection of the human respiratory tract. Now due to the occurrence of mutations in the H5N1 strain, bird flu can get transmit easily from birds to humans and from one human to another human. Also due to lack of immunity because of the emergence of new strain, the condition can become lethal as, like normal flu, the mutated strain can also result in the infection of the entire respiratory tract.

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In what era did the humans appear

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Image result for In what era did the humans appear

Hominins first appear by around 6 million years ago, in the Miocene epoch, which ended about 5.3 million years ago. Our evolutionary path takes us through the Pliocene , the Pleistocene , and finally into the Holocene, starting about 12,000 years ago.

4. What is population density?

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Answer:

The amount of living organisms in a set area, usually humans. Like the maps that show purple is no people red is lots of people.

Answer:

Population density is the number of individuals per unit geographic area, for example, number per square meter, per hectare, or per square kilometer.

Explanation:

Hope this helps my dude.

An individual has a genotype of IBi. What is their blood type?Group of answer choices

Type O

Type BO

Type AB

Type B

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the answer is 4) type b

Type B

Explanation: Blood Type B shows complete dominance over Blood Type O (i) - not codominance.

3. Prokaryotic cells are found in the fossil record _______ years ago.

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Answer:

4.5 billion years ago

Explanation:

this is correct i guess

Many cities suffer from serious air and noise pollution—as well as endless traffic jams—because of too many cars. Some people feel that cities with extensive public transportation systems should ban passenger cars and force people to walk, bike, or use public transportation. Do you think this is a good idea? Why or why not?

Answers

Answer: I do think its a good idea cause it lessens pollution in the air we breathe in and stops us from burning fossil fuels

Explanation:

Final answer:

Banning passenger cars and promoting public transportation in cities is a good idea for reducing pollution and traffic congestion.

Explanation:

I believe that banning passenger cars and promoting the use of public transportation in cities is a good idea. This approach can help reduce air and noise pollution, alleviate traffic congestion, and improve overall quality of life. By encouraging people to walk, bike, or use public transportation, cities can create a more sustainable and livable environment for their residents.

One example of a city that has successfully implemented this approach is Copenhagen, Denmark. The city has an extensive public transportation system, including a well-connected network of bike lanes. As a result, more than 60% of residents commute by bike or public transportation. This has significantly reduced air pollution and traffic congestion in the city.

Additionally, adopting this approach can have numerous benefits, such as promoting physical activity, reducing carbon emissions, and improving public health. Overall, I believe that cities with comprehensive public transportation systems should consider implementing policies that restrict the use of passenger cars in order to create a cleaner, more sustainable urban environment.

Does this model represent a compound? Explain your answer

Answers

Answer:

SAMPLE ANSWER: The model does not represent a compound because it shows two atoms of the same element combined. To be a compound, the model would need to contain atoms of different elements, represented by different-colored balls.

Explanation:

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