The problem-based ideation process begins with: a. the selection of one or more problem identification techniques. b. a study of the situation. c. the development of concept statements for further evaluation. d. the creation of a list of potential problems.

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Answer 1

Answer:

Answer: b. A study of the situation

Explanation: The problem-based ideation process is characterized by a workflow that begins with the study of a situation, to use of various techniques of problem identification, to screening of the resulting problems, and ends in development of concept statements for final evaluation. The aim is to generate a large quantity of ideas that can then filtered through and the best, most practical or most innovative solutions are selected.

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<11{1[2(06)06]}> Reporter: A new campaign finance reform bill being considered by Congress would limit the amount of campaign contributions that political candidates can receive. However, a survey of candidates running for mayor, governor, and senate seats shows that not one of them favors the bill. Clearly, there is no desire among politicians to limit campaign contributions. Which one of the following points out the flaw in the reporter’s argument above?

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Answer:

d) The views of candidates currently running for office do not necessarily represent the views of all politicians.

Explanation:

The reporter simply transferred the conclusion onto the whole politician cohort. Since only the candidates who are running for high-stake political positions were included in the survey, that does not necessarily mean that all the politicians that exist think the new limit is bad.

To add up, the percentage of politicians that are also the candidates for high positions is significantly smaller than the number of all politicians.

Drawing on the new trade theory and Porter's theory of national competitive advantage, outline the case for government policies designed to build a national competitive advantage in biotechnology. What kind of policies would you recommend the government adopt? Are these policies at variance with the basic free trade philosophy?

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Answer:

Porter's theory of national competitive advantage argues that the four general attributes of a nation form an environment in which local companies compete, and that these attributes contribute to or hinder the creation of competitive advantage. These attributes are: safety factor, demand conditions, related and support industries, as well as the company's strategy, structure and competence. Porter goes on to argue that companies are likely to succeed in industries where diamond (which is the four attributes) is favorable. Porter adds two factors to the list of attributes described above: randomness and public policy. The New Theory of Trade addresses a separate topic. This theory asserts that due to substantial economies of scale, global demand will only support a few companies in many industries. At the core of this argument is the concept of pioneering benefits, which are the economic and strategic benefits obtained by the first participants in the industry. It can be argued that when the attributes of a nation contribute to the production of a product, and when the manufacturers of this product experienced some "random" events that gave them a pioneering advantage, this nation's government policy should help create an advantage. national competitive in this particular area. This can be accomplished with government research and development grants, policies that favor the industry in capital markets, educational policies, creating a supportive regulatory environment, reducing taxes, and the like. Ask your students if they think this policy goes against the basic philosophy of free trade. It can be argued that this is so because government intervention creates the basis for comparative advantage. Conversely, it can be argued that if a country establishes a comparative advantage in a specific area based on a single set of attributes (such as Swiss watchmaking), global production will have a beneficial effect if this country is allowed to continue its area comparative. advantage.

Final answer:

Government policies can help harness the benefits of the new trade theory and Porter's theory of national competitive advantage, potentially driving national competitive advantage in the biotechnology sector. However, these policies, if involving protectionist measures, can be at variance with the principle of free trade.

Explanation:

Drawing upon the new trade theory and Porter's theory of national competitive advantage, government policies can play a pivotal role in building a national competitive advantage in the biotechnology sector. According to new trade theory, countries can benefit from specialising in the production of certain goods and services wherein they can achieve economies of scale and network effects. In the case of the biotechnology sector, this could be encouraged through policies in the form of research and development grants, tax incentives for biotech firms, and investment in infrastructure and education related to biotechnology.

Porter's national competitive advantage framework suggests that government's role in creating a conducive 'diamond' of factor conditions, demand conditions, related and supporting industries, and firm strategy, structure and rivalry is crucial. Here, establishing strong university-industry collaborations, rigorous regulations to maintain quality, and national guidelines for biotech firms can be steps forward.

However, these suggested policies of promoting a certain industry might seemingly be at odds with the philosophy of free trade, which advocates for minimal government intervention and open markets for all goods and services. It may be seen as a move towards 'protectionism', particularly if the policies involve subsidies or tariff barriers to protect domestic biotechnology firms from foreign competition.

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A U.S. manufacturing company operating a subsidiary in an LDC (less-developed country) shows the following results: U.S. LDC Sales (units) 100,505 19,600 Labor (hours) 19,550 14,550 Raw materials (currency) $ 20,500 19,550 (FC) Capital equipment (hours) 58,600 4,550 *Foreign Currency unit a. a. Calculate partial labor and capital productivity figures for the parent and subsidiary. (Round your answers to 2 decimal places.)
b. Compute the multifactor productivity figures for labor and capital together. (Round your answers to 2 decimal places.)
c. Calculate raw material productivity figures (units/$ where $1

Answers

Answer:

Part A:

Labur Productivity:

For US=5.14, LDC=1.35

Capital Productivity:

For US=1.72 LDC=4.31

Part B:(Multi factor productivity)

For US=1.29 LDC=1.03

Part C: (Raw material productivity)

For US=4.90 LDC=10.02

Explanation:

Part A:

Labur Productivity:

For US:

$Partial Labor Productivity=(Sale(units))/(Labour(hours) \nPartial Labor Productivity=(100505)/(19550) \nPartial Labor Productivity=5.14$

For LDC:

$Partial Labor Productivity=(Sale(units))/(Labour(hours) \nPartial Labor Productivity=(19600)/(14550) \nPartial Labor Productivity=1.35$

Capital Productivity:

For US:

$Capital Productivity=(Sale(units))/(Capital Equipment) \nCapital Productivity=(100505)/(58600)\nCapital Productivity=1.72$

For LDC:

$Capital Productivity=(Sale(units))/(Capital Equipment) \nCapital Productivity=(19600)/(4550)\nCapital Productivity=4.31$

Part B:

For US:

$Multifactor Productivity=(Sales(units))/(labour(Hours) + Capital Equipment(hours))\n Multifactor Productivity=(100505)/(19550+58600) \nMultifactor Productivity=1.29$

For LDC:

$Multifactor Productivity=(Sales(units))/(labour(Hours) + Capital Equipment(hours))\n Multifactor Productivity=(19600)/(14550+4550) \nMultifactor Productivity=1.03$

Part C:

For US:

$Raw material productivity=(Sales(Hour))/(Raw Material) \n Raw material productivity=(100505)/(20500) \n Raw material productivity=4.90$

ForLDC:

Converting Raw material FC into $ (1$=10FC)

Raw Material =19550/10=$1955

$Raw material productivity=(Sales(Hour))/(Raw Material) \n Raw material productivity=(19600)/(1955) \n Raw material productivity=10.02$

Consider the following abbreviated financial statements for Cabo Wabo, Inc.: CABO WABO, INC. Partial Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2018 and 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 Assets Liabilities and Owners’ Equity Current assets $ 3,151 $ 3,367 Current liabilities $ 1,399 $ 2,078 Net fixed assets 14,060 14,511 Long-term debt 7,377 8,419 CABO WABO, INC. 2019 Income Statement Sales $ 45,000 Costs 22,522 Depreciation 3,885 Interest paid 995 a. What is owners’ equity for 2018 and 2019? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answers to the nearest whole number, e.g., 32.) b. What is the change in net working capital for 2019? (A negative answer should be indicated by a minus sign. Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to the nearest whole number, e.g., 32.) c-1. In 2019, the company purchased $8,038 in new fixed assets. The tax rate is 23 percent. How much in fixed assets did the company sell? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to the nearest whole number, e.g., 32.) c-2. What is the cash flow from assets for the year? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to the nearest whole number, e.g., 32.) d-1. During 2019, the company raised $2,479 in new long-term debt. What is the cash flow to creditors? (A negative answer should be indicated by a minus sign. Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to the nearest whole number, e.g., 32.) d-2. How much long-term debt must the company have paid off during the year? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to the nearest whole number, e.g., 32.)

Answers

Answer:

a. What is owners’ equity for 2018 and 2019?

owners' equity 2018 = $8,435

owners' equity 2019 = $7,381

b. What is the change in net working capital for 2019?

-$463

c-1. In 2019, the company purchased $8,038 in new fixed assets. The tax rate is 23 percent. How much in fixed assets did the company sell?

net capital spending = $14,511 - $14,060 + $3,885 = $4,336

net capital spending = fixed assets purchased - sold

$4,336 = $8,038 - fixed assets sold

fixed assets sold = $3,702

c-2. What is the cash flow from assets for the year?

operating cash flow = EBIT + depreciation - taxes = $18,593 + $3,885 - $4,276 = $18,202

cash flow from assets = operating cash flow - change in net working capital - net capital spending = $18,202 - (-$463) - $4,336 = $14,329

d-1. During 2019, the company raised $2,479 in new long-term debt. What is the cash flow to creditors?

new long term debts = $8,419 (2019) - $7,377 (2018) = $1,042

cash flow form creditors = new long term debts - interests = $1,042 - $995 = $47

d-2. How much long-term debt must the company have paid off during the year?

new long term debts = new debt - retired debt

$1,042 = $2,479 - retired debt

retired debt = $2,479 - $1,042 = $1,437

a)The owners' equity for 2018 and 2019 is $8,435 and $7,381. b) The change in net working capital for 2019 is $463. c-1) The fix assets sell are $3,702, c2-The cash flow from assets for the year is $14,329. d-1)The cash flow to creditors is $47 and d-2)The long-term debt that the company must have paid off during the year is $1,437.

a)owners' equity 2018 = $8,435 owners' equity 2019 = $7,381

b. The change in net working capital for 2019 is $463

c-1. The company purchased $8,038 in new fixed assets. The tax rate Is 23 percent. The fixed assets sold are:

net capital spending $14,511 $14,060+ $3,885-$4,336

net capital spending = fixed assets purchased-sold

$4,336 $8,038-fixed assets sold

fixed assets sold = $3,702

c-2. The cash flow from assets for the year is:

operating cash flow - EBIT + depreciation-taxes = $18,593 +$3,885- $4,276 $18,202

cash flow from assets = operating cash flow-change in net working capital- net capital spending $18,202 (-$463)-$4,336 $14,329

d-1. During 2019, the company raised $2,479 in new long-term debt. The cash flow to creditors is:

new long term debts = $8,419 (2019) - $7,377 (2018) = $1,042 cash flow form creditors = new long term debts interests $1,042 - $995 = $47

d-2. The long-term debt that the company must have paid off during the year is:

new long term debts = new debt-retired debt $1,042 $2,479 - retired debt

retired debt = $2,479 - $1,042 = $1,437

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The domestic demand and supply for sugar are Qd = 40,000 − 200P and QSD = 10,000 + 300P. The foreign supply is QSF = 20,000 + 100P. What is the total supply of sugar in the domestic market?

Answers

Answer: Total supply of sugar = 30,000 + 400P

Explanation:

Given that,

Domestic demand for sugar: Qd = 40,000 − 200P

Domestic supply for sugar: QSD = 10,000 + 300P

Foreign supply: QSF = 20,000 + 100P

Total supply of sugar = Domestic supply + Foreign supply

= QSD + QSF

= 10,000 + 300P + 20,000 + 100P

= 30,000 + 400P

Therefore,

Total supply of sugar = 30,000 + 400P

Mullee Corporation produces a single product and has the following cost structure: Number of units produced each year 7,000 Variable costs per unit: Direct materials $ 51 Direct labor $ 12 Variable manufacturing overhead $ 2 Variable selling and administrative expense $ 5 Fixed costs per year: Fixed manufacturing overhead $441,000 Fixed selling and administrative expense $112,000 The absorption costing unit product cost is:________a. $65 per unit
b. $128 per unit
c. $63 per unit
d. $149 per unit

Answers

Answer:

unitary absorption production cost= $128

Explanation:

The absorption costing method includes all costs related to production, both fixed and variable. The unit product cost is calculated using direct material, direct labor, and total unitary manufacturing overhead.

First, we need to calculate the unitary fixed manufacturing overhead:

Unitary fixed overhead= 441,000 / 7,000= $63

Now, the unitary absorption production cost:

unitary absorption production cost= 51 + 12 + 2 + 63

unitary absorption production cost= $128

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Wellington Recycling recycles newsprint, cardboard, and so forth, into received packaging materials. For the coming year, Wellington estimates total manufacturing overhead to be $359,640. The managers are not sure if direct labor hours (estimated to be 9,990) or machine hours (estimated to be 7,982 hours) is the best allocation base to use for allocating manufacturing overhead. Wellington bids for jobs a 31 % markup over total manufacturing cost.After the new fiscal year began, Hollings Paper Supply asked Wellington Recycling to bid for a job that will take 1 ,975 machine hours and t ,700 direct labor hours to produce. The direct labor cost this will be $10 per hour, and the direct materials will total S25,500. Required: Compute the total job cost and price if Wellington decided to use direct labor hours as the manufacturing overhead allocation base for the year.