Calcite and quartz are minerals. What properties do they have in common? How do they differ?

Rich countries experience low rates of urban-ism because they have the materials and resources they need to thrive while poor countries don't and most of the time are not heavily industrialized.

Final answer:

Magma forms at mid-ocean ridges through a process called seafloor spreading, which happens when tectonic plates diverge and upwelling currents in the mantle push up molten rock to fill the gap. In contrast, at convergent plate boundaries, magma forms through the subduction and melting of a tectonic plate as it is forced beneath another.

Explanation:

At mid-ocean ridges, tectonic plates move apart from each other, forming a rift. Here, upwelling currents in the mantle cause molten rock, or magma, to rise and fill the space between the separating plates, forming basaltic lava. This process, known as seafloor spreading, results in the creation of new sea floor and undersea mountain ranges.

Conversely, magma production at convergent plate boundaries or subduction zones is different. This occurs when tectonic plates collide, and one plate is forced beneath the other. The subducting plate is thrust into the high-pressure and high-temperature conditions of the upper mantle, causing it to melt and form magma. This magma can rise to Earth's surface, resulting in volcanic activity.

In summary, the creation of magma at mid-ocean ridges is caused by the divergence of tectonic plates and upwelling in the mantle, while at convergent plate boundaries, magma forms through subduction and melting of tectonic plates.

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Answer:

so A

Explanation:

The sun's energy heats the surface of the planet, warms the atmosphere, fuels photosynthesis, causes evaporation, controls the weather and water cycles, and drives ocean currents.

What are the Earth system's two main energy sources?

• Only a few factors account for the majority of the energy in the Earth system: solar energy, gravity, radioactive decay, and the rotation of the Earth.Many surface processes, including winds, currents, the hydrologic cycle, and the entire climate system, are powered by solar energy.

• For food, almost all life on Earth either directly or indirectly depends on solar energy.Solar energy is directly used by producers.Through a process known as photosynthesis, they take in the sun's energy and transform it into nutrition.

• Autotrophs, often known as producers, include fungi, bacteria, algae, and plants.A change in one sphere may result in a change in another because the spheres interact with one another.

• In addition to extracting nutrients and water from the soil, plants also emit water vapor into the sky.All life on Earth is found in the biosphere. A renewable energy source is solar power.

• The energy of the sun is produced by the sun itself.The sun is mostly composed of hydrogen and helium atoms in a plasma state, like the majority of stars.Nuclear fusion is the method used to power the sun.

• Only a few factors account for the majority of the energy in the Earth system: solar energy, gravity, radioactive decay, and the rotation of the Earth.Many surface processes, including winds, currents, the hydrologic cycle, and the entire climate system, are powered by solar energy.

• The sun is the primary and only source of energy on Earth.Sunlight is used by plants to create their sustenance.Additionally, it is kept in the form of biomass energy in both plants and animals.Solar energy has been captured and stored in fossil fuels.Additionally, it provides wind energy.

• 1 Internal sources of energy are those that derive their power from the earth itself.The heat produced by nuclear decay and gravity both come from this source.

• 2. Energy from external sources: Energy from external sources originates from places other than the earth.It is the power that the sun provides.

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