Say you belong to a group that has fifty members (N), and in order to get a particular benefit (B. you need fifteen members (K) to contribute. Those who contribute to the provision of the benefit pay a cost (C). Of course, B > C. If you know that ten members of the group (aside from yourself) are willing to contribute, what should you do?

i. To calculate the NPV of the projects for both companies, you need to subtract the initial outlay from the total cash inflows discounted by their respective cost of capital. For Simba Ltd's investment, this works out to be:


NPV = TZS 800 million x (1/(1 + 0.15)1) + TZS 800 million x (1/(1 + 0.15)2) + TZS 800 million x (1/(1 + 0.15)3) + TZS 800 million x (1/(1 + 0.15)4) - TZS 1 billion


= TZS 2,355,700,000



For Yanga Ltd's investment, this works out to be:


NPV = TZS 1 billion x (1/(1 + 0.20)1) + TZS 1 billion x (1/(1 + 0.20)2) + TZS 1 billion x (1/(1 + 0.20)3) + TZS 1 billion x (1/(1 + 0.20)4) - TZS 5 billion


= TZS 836,491,020



ii. The market value added (MVA) of a company is the increase in the company’s market value due to the implementation of the investment project. The MVA of both Simba Ltd and Yanga Ltd can be calculated as:


MVA = NPV - Depreciation


For Simba Ltd:


MVA = TZS 2,355,700,000 - TZS 1 billion


= TZS 1,355,700,000



For Yanga Ltd:


MVA = TZS 836,491,020 - TZS 5 billion


= -TZS 4,163,508,980



From the results, we can see that Simba Ltd has a positive MVA of TZS 1.3 billion whereas Yanga Ltd has a negative MVA of TZS 4.2 billion. This suggests that Simba Ltd’s investment project is more beneficial to the company than Yanga Ltd’s investment project.

To know more about depreciation, refer here:

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Answer:

The cooperative teaches farmers to be economically independent. It promotes the feelings of production pride in the rural societies. It helps the locals in improving the quality of life as well as poverty alleviation. Co-ops directly answer community needs, adjusted to local concerns. They are anchors that distribute, recycle and multiply local expertise, resources and capital. Autonomous cooperatives reach the poorest people in the community, offering upward mobility and basic infrastructure ignored by large businesses. Specific examples of benefits from cooperatives include: Food co-ops spend more revenues locally, buy more products locally, buy more organic produce, recycle more plastic, and create more jobs than conventional grocers. How Cooperatives Benefits a Community? It provides accessibility and availability. Cooperatives often provide quality goods and services to areas that are usually alienated by major corporations, Community-based growth, Money circulation, Making connections, Job opportunities, Financial services, Mitigates poverty and Women empowerment.

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Answer:

The insertions of the semispinatus capitus are on the occipital bone.

Explanation:

The semispinatus capitus inserts are mounted on occipital bone.

The semispinalis muscles are a band of 3 transversospinal muscles. The semispinalis capitalis (complex) is located deep to splenius at the top and back of the neck. The tendons are joined together to form a wide muscle that goes upwards and is inserted between both the upper and lower nuchal lines of occipital bone.