The statement that correctly differentiates ATP and ADP is 'ATP has three phosphate groups, while ADP has two phosphate groups".
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B. Mismatch repair
C. Direct repair by methyltransferases
D. Nucleotide excision repair
Answer:
The correct answer is B. Mismatch repair
Explanation:
Mismatch repair pathway recognizes the mismatched base pair that incorporated during DNA replication and then excise that incorrect base. After excision, it repairs the DNA.
The mismatched daughter strand is distinguished from the parent strand by mismatch repair system as the parent strand is methylated at some bases but the daughter strand is not methylated.
Three proteins help in mismatch repair MutH, MutL, MutS. Mut H and Mut S recognize the mismatch, Mut H excise the unmethylated strand from 5' side. Then helicase and exonuclease enzymes clave the segment from cleavage site to beyond the mismatch base.
The gap created by this action is filled by DNA polymerase and sealed by enzyme DNA ligase.
The 'Mismatch repair' pathway corrects mistakes when an incorrect nucleotide has been incorporated into a DNA sequence and DNA polymerase fails to recognize it. This pathway involves several proteins that recognize the error, excise the incorrect sequence, and re-synthesize the correct sequence.
When DNA polymerase fails to recognize that an incorrect nucleotide has been incorporated, resulting in a mismatch, the Mismatch repair pathway is in charge to correct this mistake. This system detects and repairs erroneous insertion, deletion, and mis-incorporation of bases that can arise during DNA replication and recombination, as well as repairing some forms of DNA damage. This process involves several proteins including MutS, MutL, and MutH. They recognize the error, excise the incorrect sequence and then re-synthesize the correct sequence using the original undamaged DNA strand as a template. The 'Mismatch repair' is a crucial mechanism to maintain the integrity of genetic information.
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Answer:
4.6 billion years
Explanation:
Answer:
A saturated fat is a type of fat in which the fatty acid chains have all or predominantly single bonds. A fat is made of two kinds of smaller molecules: glycerol and fatty acids. Fats are made of long chains of carbon atoms. Some carbon atoms are linked by single bonds and others are linked by double bonds. Double bonds can react with hydrogen to form single bonds. They are called saturated because the second bond is broken and each half of the bond is attached to a hydrogen atom.
Explanation:
Answer:
saturated fats consists of single covalent bond and they are solid at room temperature and their melting point increases with increasing chain length
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Explanation:
responsible for producing power for the cell
tiny structures in the cell that carry out the cell's activities
responsible for digestion in the cell
found outside of the membrane
Question 23 (Multiple Choice Worth 1 points)
Which process produces two identical copies of the parent cell?
Mitosis
Meiosis
Sexual reproduction
Fertilization
Question 24 (Multiple Choice Worth 1 points)
A trait that is always expressed when this gene is present is called a
dominant trait
recessive trait
prime trait
strong trait
In times of stress, the brain stimulates the adrenal glands to produce hormones including epinephrine and norepinephrine, which aid in dealing with the 'fight or flight' response. The adrenal cortex also manages longer-term stress responses through the production of corticosteroids such as aldosterone in response to ACTH.
During times of stress, the brain activates the sympathetic nervous system and signals the adrenal glands to produce hormones that assist in managing this stress. Among these hormones are epinephrine and norepinephrine (also known as adrenaline and noradrenaline), which are produced by the adrenal medulla. These hormones regulate the acute 'fight or flight' response to stress, with physiological effects such as increased heart rate, blood pressure, and blood glucose levels. Acetylcholine stimulates the release of these hormones in response to neural impulses from the hypothalamus.
Meanwhile, the adrenal cortex is involved in managing long-term stress responses through the production of corticosteroids, stimulated by the hormone adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). ACTH is triggered by Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) from the hypothalamus. These corticosteroids, such as aldosterone, can influence fluid retention and blood volume, thus affecting blood pressure.
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