Answer: The statement which summarizes the law of segregation is as follows :
During the process of gamete formation, two different forms of a gene ( also called allele) segregate from one another in a random manner and each gamete thus formed, receives one copy of gene.
This is called the law of segregation. It was proposed by Gregor Mendel.
For example- The gene for plant height in pea exists in two forms which are T ( dominant allele- represents tall height ) and t ( recessive allele- represents dwarf height ). If a plant is heterozygous ( having different alleles Tt), it will give two different gametes ( T and t ) during gametogenesis.
These alleles are segregated in accordance with the law of segregation.
The Law of Segregation states that paired genes separate evenly into gametes during meiosis, giving offspring equal chances of inheriting either gene. This observation, derived from experiments with pea plants, is the basis for predicting offspring traits using a Punnett square. The mechanism enforcing this law is the first division of meiosis, though this was not understood during Mendel's lifetime.
The Law of Segregation, proposed by Gregor Mendel, states that paired genes (unit factors) separate or segregate equally into gametes (eggs or sperm) during meiosis. This means that offspring have equal chances of inheriting either gene from their parents. Observations from experiments with true-breeding pea plants led to this law. For instance, the F1 generation expressed the dominant trait while the F2 generation exhibited both dominant and recessive traits in a 3:1 ratio. This segregation of alleles is what allows for accurate predictions of offspring traits using a Punnett square.
Gametes receive one allele from each parent, resulting in three possible combinations for the F2 generation from a monohybrid cross: homozygous dominant, heterozygous, and homozygous recessive. Heterozygotes can result from two pathways, receiving one dominant and one recessive allele from either parent, which alongside homozygous dominant individuals, are phenotypically identical, hence supporting Mendel's observed 3:1 phenotypic ratio.
The physical basis of the law of segregation is the first division of meiosis where homologous chromosomes bearing different versions of each gene segregate into daughter nuclei. This underlining mechanism, however, was not understood by the scientific community during Mendel's lifetime.
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Answer: ;-; wut? i- my brain cells you just killed my brain cells in 1 sec i-
Explanation:
B)brain stem
C)spinal cord
D) cerebrum
Answer:
maybe it should be brain stem
Explanation:
because spinal cord is found in the lower part of brain stem.
Answer:
D. Cerebellum
Explanation:
Answer:
Que.1
Standard IV solution used as a blood volume expander (0.9% NaCl is commonly used)
HYPERTONIC ISOTONIC.
Answer- isotonic.
The standard 0.9 % Nacl solution is isotonic. A solution is isotonic if it is of equal solute concentrations with the surrounding environment. Therefore, 0.9 % Nacl solution will not gain or lose fluid via osmosis across its wall. Rather its intravenous introduction will be at the same concentration with the intracelluar fluid leading to expansion in volume.
Que;2
Type of edema in the lower extremities
DEPENDENT INDEPENDENT.
Answer-Dependent
Accumulation of blood in body tissues (Oedema) usually occurs due to effect of gravity on the body. Gravitational force pulls body fluid towards the extremities and lower part of the body.Therefore fluids accumulates under the skin, trapped in the veins of leg (especially from prolong standing), feet and hands. It may also be as a result of complication from medication, or pregnancy term is called Dependent Oedema. Because it is gravity-related Oedema.
Que 3.
Increases sodium and water retention by the kidneys
RENIN ALDOSTERONE
Answer-Aldosterone
In condition of lower blood volume, lower salt level or increse blood pressure,one of the compensatory mechanism is the release of hormone Aldosterone from the pituitary gland, under the influence adreno cortico tropic hormone The Aldosterone stimulate the walls of the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct to increase re-absorption of sodium ions, from the urine, sweat and gut back into the blood. Water follow by osmosis. This raises the water level of the blood with corresponding increase blood volume, reduction in salt balance and drop in blood pressure.
Que-4.
The main intracellular cation
POTASSIUM MAGNESIUM
Answer:Potassium
This is the main intracellular cations of the cell. It concentration is maintained by the activities of sodium-potassium pump along cell membrane. These pump made of channel of protein regulate the movement of potassium ions in and out of the cells. Its positive charge(together with that some anions) is responsible for the positive charges in the intracellular layer.
Que;
Fluid sequestration in the body cavities
PITTING EDEMA /'THIRD SPACE ACCUMULATION.
Answer; third space.
The space between adjacent cells may be filled with fluids, that escape from the blood vessels into the interstitial space when there is too much water in the blood,.This fluid space is called the third Space. It has no appreciable function.
Que-
Excreted in response to fluid volume overload.
ALDOSTERONE NATRIURETIC PEPTIDES.
Answer. Natriuretic peptides
An increase in blood fluid volume usually correspond with the release of Natriuretic peptides under the in influence of the pituitary gland and the heart in the body. These promotes the loss of sodium ions by the kidney, with corresponding loss of water by osmosis.Therefore large volume of hypotonic urine containing excreted sodium is produced. This lowers the blood fluid volume,
Que;
Diminished water volume in intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid
DEHYDRATION THIRD SPACE ACCUMULATION.
Answer; Dehydration
Dehydration is depletion of water level of the plasma fluid, due to loss of fluid from the intracellular and extracelular fluids cell layers into the surrounding hypertonic medium.The cells shrinks, with loss of the organelles. Hypotension, confusion also set in.
Que;
Characterized by excess fluid in interstitial and intracellular fluid compartments
DEHYDRATION EDEMA,
Answer.Oedema
The accumulation of fluid in the space between cells(interstitial space) is called oedema.it may be caused by damage to the kidney, liver, to the veins of the legs etc,This damages lead to poor drainage of the blood by the veins leading to fluid retention.
Que
Occurs when application of pressure over a bony area leaves an indentation
PITTING EDEMA DEPENDENT EDEMA
Answer. Pitting Edema.
Mathematically, Pressure is equal to force over the area where the pressure was applied.(P=F/A). During accumulation of fluids under the skin due to oedema; if a pressure is applied on the fluid accumulated area, an indention due to the force which was applied will be left momentarily, and gradually disappear. this is called Pitting Oedema.
Insulin's action on blood sugar levels helps maintain a dynamic balance. Therefore, the correct option is B.
The pancreas secretes the hormone insulin, which is essential for controlling blood sugar levels. Insulin is released into the bloodstream when blood sugar levels rise, as they do after a meal. Insulin aids in the maintenance of dynamic equilibrium by encouraging the uptake of glucose from the blood into cells, where it can be used as an energy source or stored for later use.
Therefore, the correct option is B.
Learn more about Insulin, here:
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