B.Tropical rain forest and Taiga
C.Savanna and grassland
D.Grassland and desert
Just before mitosis occur in a stage known as Interphase the cell grows and makes copies of its genetic material in preparation for the cell's division into two identical cells. Therefore, option (C) is correct.
In the study of cell biology, the phase of the cell cycle known as mitosis is the stage at which replicated chromosomes are partitioned into two new nuclei. Mitosis is a method of cell division that results in the production of cells that are genetically similar and in which the total number of chromosomes is preserved. Since this occurs during mitosis, the process is often referred to as equational division.
Conventionally, the process of mitosis is broken down into five stages that are referred to as prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
Learn more about mitosis, here:
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The circulatory system plays a crucial role in carrying the nutrients absorbed by the digestive system to different parts of the body via the bloodstream. A malfunction in the circulatory system can interrupt the transportation of these nutrients, consequently disrupting the digestive process.
The digestive and circulatory systems are interconnected in the human body. Digestive process involves breaking down food into tiny particles that can be absorbed into the bloodstream. This occurs primarily in the small intestine, where most nutrients are absorbed from the alimentary canal into the bloodstream through the epithelial cells that make up the mucosa.
However, when the circulatory system malfunctions, it disrupts the absorption of these nutrients. The circulatory system is responsible for distributing these nutrients to the different parts of the body. If it malfunctions, nutrient distribution is affected, thereby hampering overall bodily function including the digestive process.
For instance, the circulatory system plays a crucial role in carrying the absorbed nutrients from the small intestine to different parts of the body for use. This is done via the bloodstream. Therefore, a malfunction in the circulatory system can hinder this important process and subsequently disrupt the digestive system.
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Answer:
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is an essential biomolecule that stores and provides chemical energy in living organisms. It acts as a "currency" for energy transfer within cells. Let's break down its structure and function:
1. Structure: ATP is composed of three main components:
a. Adenine base: It's a nitrogen-containing molecule that serves as a building block of nucleotides.
b. Ribose sugar: This is a five-carbon sugar molecule that is bonded to the adenine base.
c. Phosphate groups: ATP has three phosphate groups attached to the ribose sugar.
2. Energy Storage: The energy in ATP is stored in the bonds between the phosphate groups. These bonds are high-energy bonds, meaning they contain a lot of potential energy.
3. Energy Release: When the cell needs energy, ATP can be hydrolyzed, or broken down, by removing one phosphate group. This results in the formation of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and an inorganic phosphate molecule. The breaking of this bond releases energy that can be used by the cell for various processes.
4. Recycling ATP: ADP can be further hydrolyzed to form adenosine monophosphate (AMP) by removing another phosphate group, but this reaction releases less energy compared to the conversion of ATP to ADP. ATP can be regenerated by adding a phosphate group back to ADP through a process called phosphorylation. This recycling process allows ATP to continuously provide energy within the cell.
To summarize, ATP is a molecule that stores and provides chemical energy in cells. It consists of an adenine base, ribose sugar, and three phosphate groups. Energy is released when ATP is converted to ADP by breaking the bond between the second and third phosphate groups. ADP can be further converted to AMP, but with less energy release. Through phosphorylation, ADP can be converted back to ATP, ensuring a continuous supply of energy for cellular process