Answer:
Explanation:
Solubility product is defined as the equilibrium constant in which a solid ionic compound is dissolved to produce its ions in solution. It is represented as
The equation for the ionization of the is given as:
Molar concentration =
By stoichiometry of the reaction:
1 mole of gives 1 mole of
and 1 mole of
When the solubility of is S moles/liter, then the solubility of
will be S moles\liter and solubility of
will be S moles/liter.
Thus of the salt at
is
(2) electrical energy, nonspontaneously
(3) nuclear energy, spontaneously
(4) nuclear energy, nonspontaneously
Answer:
(1) electrical energy, spontaneously
Explanation:
Voltaic cells or galvanic cells are electrochemical systems in which electrical energy is produced through spontaneous chemical reactions. Redox (reduction-oxidation reactions) processes forms the basis of voltaic cells.
Oxidation which involves loss of electrons takes place at the anode. These electrons move to the positive cathode where reduction or the gain of electrons takes place. The movement of electrons from the anode to the cathode generates electrical energy. Thus, chemical is spontaneously converted to electrical energy.
In a voltaic cell, chemical energy is converted to electrical energy, spontaneously because the redox reaction that takes place in the cell is spontaneous. So correct option is 1.
(1) electrical energy, spontaneously
A voltaic cell is made up of two half-cells, each of which contains an electrode and an electrolyte. The electrolyte is a substance that conducts electricity, and the electrode is a metal that can either gain or lose electrons.
The two half-cells are connected by a salt bridge, which is a tube filled with a solution that contains ions. The salt bridge allows the ions to move between the two half-cells, which completes the circuit and allows an electric current to flow.
The chemical reaction that takes place in the voltaic cell is a redox reaction. A redox reaction is a reaction in which electrons are transferred from one atom or molecule to another. In the voltaic cell, the electrons are transferred from the electrode in the first half-cell to the electrode in the second half-cell.
The transfer of electrons creates an electric current, which flows from the first half-cell to the second half-cell. The chemical energy of the redox reaction is converted into electrical energy, and the electric current flows until the chemical reaction is complete.
The conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy in a voltaic cell is a spontaneous process. This means that it happens without any outside intervention. The electrons in the cell move from one electrode to another because they are attracted to the oppositely charged electrode.
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Total, 2.28916 × 10²⁴ atoms of carbon in 3.8 moles of methane.
To calculate the number of atoms of carbon in 3.8 moles of methane (CH₄), we need to consider the molecular formula of methane, which is CH₄. This indicates that each molecule of methane contains one carbon atom (C) and four hydrogen atoms (H).
First, let's find total number of carbon atoms in 3.8 moles of methane:
Number of moles of carbon in 1 mole of methane (CH₄) = 1 mole (because there is 1 carbon atom in each molecule of CH₄)
Number of moles of carbon in 3.8 moles of methane = 3.8 moles
Now, we'll use Avogadro's number to convert moles to the number of atoms:
Avogadro's number (NA) = 6.022 × 10²³ atoms/mol
Number of carbon atoms in 3.8 moles of methane = 3.8 moles × Avogadro's number
Number of carbon atoms in 3.8 moles of methane = 3.8 moles × 6.022 × 10²³ atoms/mol
Now, let's calculate:
Number of carbon atoms in 3.8 moles of methane ≈ 2.28916 × 10²⁴ atoms
So, there are approximately 2.28916 × 10²⁴ atoms of carbon in 3.8 moles of methane.
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(2) 40. mL at 80.°C (4) 80. mL at 40.°C
Answer: physical change
Explanation:
A physical change is defined as a change in which there is alteration in shape, size etc. No new substance gets formed in these changes
Example: Melting of ice
A chemical change is defined as a change in which a change in chemical composition takes place. A new substance is formed in these changes.
Example: Corrosion of iron called as rusting.
Thus when the metal wire in an incandescent light bulb glows when the light is switched on and stops flowing when it is switched off is just a physical change as there is no change in chemical composition.