Answer:
AB, A, O and B.
B) it has one or more double bonds between carbon atoms.
C) it contains more than one functional group.
D) each internal carbon atom is covalently bonded to two hydrogen atoms.
E) its functional groups include at least one aromatic ring.
Answer:
As we all are aware that life on Earth is existed due to several environmental changes and there are several scientific factors of sustainability that support the survival and evolution of life on Earth.
Scientific factors of sustainability include solar energy, chemical cycle, and biodiversity that supported life on Earth.solar energy helps all organism and especially producers to gain energy and store the energy which further used in chemical cycles of transferring energy to other trophic levels.
Chemical cycle also involves the interaction of biotic and abiotic envrionment with each other that leads to environmental changes as well as organisms adapt themselves accordingly.
Biodiversity maintains the balance in the ecosystem and prevent dominancy of one organism otherwise it can lead to scarcity and organism would not be able to survive. Variation in biodiversity due to random mating in the same species leads to evolution and produces new species of organisms.
Hence, scientific factors of sustainability play major role in survival and evolution of life on the Earth.
Answer:
1.60 is the van't Hoff factor for ammonium chloride in X.
Explanation:
...(1)
where,
=Elevation in boiling point =
i = van't Hoff factor
= Freezing point constant
m = molality
1) When 70.4 g of benzamide are dissolved in 850. g of a certain mystery liquid X.
Mass of benzamide = 70.4 g
Molar mass of benzamide = 121 g/mol
i = 1 (organic molecule)
Mass of liquid X = 850 g = 0.850 kg
= Freezing point constant of liquid X= ?
Putting all value in a (1):
2) When 70.4 g of ammonium chloride are dissolved in 850. g of a certain mystery liquid X.
Mass of ammonium chloride= 70.4 g
Molar mass of ammonium chloride = 53.5 g/mol
i = ? (ionic molecule)
Mass of liquid X = 850 g = 0.850 kg
Putting all value in a (1):
i = 1.6011 ≈ 1.60
1.60 is the van't Hoff factor for ammonium chloride in X.
The van't Hoff factor, which measures ionization, for ammonium chloride in the mysterious liquid X can be calculated to be approximately 1.01. This is calculated by first determining the cryoscopic constant from the observed depression of the freezing point by benzamide (which does not ionize), and then utilizing this value to calculate the theoretical freezing point depression for ammonium chloride (pretending it does not ionize either). Since the observed depression was 9.9℃ and the calculated was 9.8℃, the van't Hoff factor is their quotient, or approximately 1.01.
To solve this problem, we need to understand that the van't Hoff factor (i) is a measure of the extent of ionization in solution. It can be calculated using the formula i = ΔTf observed / ΔTf calculated, where ΔTf observed is the observed freezing point depression and ΔTf calculated is the theoretical freezing point depression if no ionization occurs.
First, we calculate the theoretical freezing point depression for ammonium chloride. We know that this is given by the benzamide that reduces the freezing point of the same amount of liquid X by 2.7℃. Therefore we assume the van't Hoff factor of benzamide is 1 (since it does not ionize) and we get the cryoscopic constant (Kf) of X from ΔTf = Kf * m * i. Substituting into the formula and rearranging gives Kf = ΔTf / (m * i) = 2.7 ℃/(70.4 g/850 g) = 2.7 ℃/0.082824 = 32.6 ℃ kg/mol.
We then use this Kf to calculate the ΔTf calculated for ammonium chloride: ΔTf calculated = Kf * m * i (where we again assume i=1) = 32.6 ℃ kg/mol * (70.4 g/850 g) = 9.8 ℃. Finally we can calculate the van't Hoff factor for ammonium chloride using the original formula: i = ΔTf observed / ΔTf calculated = 9.9 ℃ / 9.8 ℃ = 1.01.
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(2) temperature of the solution decreases
(3) pressure on the solution increases
(4) pressure on the solution decreases
Answer: Option (1) is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Solubility of a solute gets affected by change in temperature. That is, when we increase the temperature then more and more solute particles will dissolve into the solvent or solution.
Therefore, solubility of KClO3(s) in water increases as the temperature of the solution increases because on increasing the temperature it will completely dissociate into the solution.
Corrosion of Copper is a chemical change.
Copper like Iron when come in contact with moisture and oxygen oxidized and corrodes according to following equation,
4 Cu + O₂ → 2 Cu₂O
This corrosion results in lost of conductivity, strength and luster of copper. As in this reaction two substances i.e Cu and O₂ are reacting to produce a completely new substance i.e. Cu₂O hence, it is declared as chemical change.
The process which represents a chemical change is (2) corrosion of copper.
FURTHER EXPLANATION
Matter may undergo two types of changes: physical or chemical change.
Physical change involves changes in appearance, size, and other physical properties of a substance. There is no change in the composition or identity of the substance. Examples of physical changes are changes of state and change in size.
Chemical changes are changes wherein the composition or identity of the substance is altered. The properties of the substance changes. This involves formation of a new substance due to the rearrangement of atoms. Examples of chemical change are burning and rotting.
Keywords: physical change, chemical change