Which movement of particles would be most affected by a disorder that causes damage to carrier proteins?

The chromosomal mutation is C. Nondisjunction .Therefore , C. Nondisjunction is correct .

There are a number of factors that can increase the risk of nondisjunction, including:

Age: The risk of nondisjunction increases with age, especially in women.

Genetic factors: People with certain genetic conditions are at increased risk of nondisjunction.

Environmental factors: Exposure to certain environmental toxins, such as radiation, can also increase the risk of nondisjunction.

There is no cure for nondisjunction, but there are a number of things that can be done to manage the symptoms and improve the quality of life of people with nondisjunction-related birth defects.

Here are some additional details about nondisjunction:

Nondisjunction can affect any chromosome, but it is most common on chromosomes 21, 13, and 18.

Nondisjunction is estimated to be the cause of 50-60% of all miscarriages.

Nondisjunction is also the cause of some stillbirths and birth defects.

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Final answer:

Identification of mutation type, such as point mutation, silent mutation, insertion, deletion, transversion, or transition, depends on the specific changes in DNA or RNA sequences. For example, a change in a single base pair signifies a point mutation.

Explanation:

A thorough identification of the type of mutation seen on Chromosome 20 goes beyond merely looking at the question diagram. It depends on the specific alteration of the DNA or RNA sequences. Several types of mutations exist including point mutations, silent mutations, insertions, deletions, transversions and transitions, among others.

As an illustration, suppose the mutation involved a single base pair alteration, this would be a point mutation where one nucleotide is substituted with another. Transversions involve switching a purine with a pyrimidine or vice versa. If the mutation led to an addition or removal of a base pair, this would be termed an insertion or deletion respectively. Occasionally, a fraction of DNA from one chromosome may get transported to another chromosome or a different part of the same chromosome, a scenario known as translocation.

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The genotype of the mother is XX while the genotype of the father is XY.

A genotype simply means the collection of genes in an individual. It is also referred to as the alleles that are inherited in a particular gene.

In this case, since red-green color blindness is a recessive trait, this implies that it will not be visible in a heterozygous female. Hence, the dominant allele will therefore mask the recessive allele.

Since the father has only one X chromosome, then if the trait was present in that X chromosome, he must have shown the trait because all the alleles in Y chromosome are recessive. In this case, the son has inherited the trait from the mother.

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Genotype of Mother: XX°

Genotype of Father: XY

Explanation:

• Since the Red-green colour blindness is a recessive trait , it will not be visible in a heterozygous female because dominant allele will mask the recessive allele.
• Father has only one X chromosome, thus if the trait was present in  that X chromosome he must have shown the trait because all the alleles in Y chromosome are recessive.
• Since the son has inherited the trait it is obvious that he had recieved the trait from his mother who must have been the carrier.