Answer:
Pituitary gland; chemical supervisor of body.
Secrete; Make or produce.
Metabolism; The rate your body burns up food.
Veins; Bring blood to the heart.
Adrenal glands; React to emotional stress.
1. Explain the inheritance pattern of the ear lobe attachment trait. Explain bow you determined this.
2. Explain the two inheritance patterns of blood type.
3. What did you determine Joseph's blood type to be? include genotype and phenotype. Explain how you
determined this, including Pumnett Squares to support your reasoning
In complete dominance, the dominant allele hides the expression of the recessive allele. In codominance, both alleles are expressed. 1. Complete dominance / 2. Complete dominance and codominance / 3. Genotype: IBi +- and Phenotype B Rh+.
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1. Explain the inheritance pattern of the ear lobe attachment trait. Explain bow you determined this.
Earlobe attachment is controlled by a single, autosomal, diallelic gene. Let us say that
The inheritance pattern of the earlobe attachment is simple Mendelian inheritance showing complete dominance.
According to allelic combination, each individual will express a phenotype that is the product of a mixture between both parents' genetic charges.
Following the first Mendel principle, each individual has a pair of alleles, and each allele codes for an alternative form of the same trait -for instance, attached and free-. These alleles independently segregate during gamete formation.
In complete dominance, the dominant allele completely masks the recessive allele expression. This is evident in heter0zyg0us individuals that carry both alleles but only express the dominant phenotype.
2. Explain the two inheritance patterns of blood type.
The gene that determines the ABOblood type of a person is a triallelic gene.
According to the allelic combination, the inheritance pattern might be either complete dominance or codominance.
Alleles are IA, IB, and i.
→ H0m0zyg0us dominant or heter0zyg0us Individuals IAIA or IAi will express the A blood type.
→ H0m0zyg0us dominant or heter0zyg0us Individuals IBIB or IBi will express the B blood type
→ Individuals with h0m0zyg0us recessive genotype, ii will express the 0 blood type.
→ Individuals carrying IA and IB alleles will express the ABblood type.
The Rh factor expresses complete dominance, where the + allele is dominant over the - allele. So whenever the + allele is present, either in h0m0zyg0us or heter0zyg0us state, the individual will express Rh+ factor.
3. What did you determine Joseph's blood type to be?
We know that
Rh factor
Cross: Joseph x Rita
Phenotypes) Rh+ x Rh-
Parentals) + - x --
Gametes) + - - -
Punnett square) + -
- +- --
- +- --
F1) 50% of the progeny is Rh + ⇒ heter0zyg0us genotype +-
50% of the progeny is Rh - ⇒ h0m0zyg0us genotype --
ABO
Cross: Joseph x Rita
Phenotypes) B x AB
Parentals) IBi x IAIB
Gametes) IB i IA IB
Punnett square) IB i
IA IAIB IAi
IB IBIB IBi
F1) 25% of the progeny is AB ⇒ Genotype IAIB
50% of the progeny is B ⇒ 25% IBIB + 25% IBi
25% of the progeny is A ⇒ Genotype IAi ⇒ The daughter
So, Joseph's blood type is B and Rh+
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Answer:
1. The shape of the earlobe is determined by a single autosomal gene, with two alleles: the dominant allele (F) expresses a detached (or free-hangning) earlobe, whereas the recessive allele (f) determines an attached earlobe. The potential dominant/recessive combinantions can yield different patterns of inheritance depending on what the allele combination is present in the progenitors (e.g. if both parents are FF, 100% of the progeny will be FF and presenting free earlobes; if one parent is Ff and the other is ff, then the inheritance pattern will be 50% free earlobes 50% attached earlobes.
2. Like the earlobe trait, the inheritance pattern of blood type depends on the combination of alleles, in this case THREE: A, B, and O. A and B are dominant, O is recessive. The Rh factor is determined by the presence (Rh+) or absence (Rh-) of a particular gene (RHD), and is independent from blood type.
3. Joseph's blood Rh factor is +, and his blood type is
Explanation:
1. This is a case of simple Mendelian inheritance. During meiosis, each chromosome will take with it one copy of the allele (e.g., in an individual with Ff genes, one gamete will end up carrying F, the other will end up carrying f). Since this sorting out of alleles is random, there is a random chance that either an F carrying gamete or an f carrying gamete to fuse with a gamete of the opposite gender (carrying in time F or f) to produce the zygote. A Punnett square can be used to show the resulting probabilities (see Question 3).
2. In this case we have two different types of patterns. One given by three allele versions of the same gene, A, B (the dominants), and O, resulting in types A (alleles AA or AO), B (BB or BO), AB (both AB alleles present) and O (OO). The blood type depends on a series of antigens expressed in the cellular membrane, with O alleles expressing none. In the case of the Rh factor, it is inherited independently from blood type as it is coded in a different gene.
3. Joseph's blood factor is Rh+ as some of his progeny with an Rh- partner is Rh +. His blood type is BO, since, even though none of Joseph and Rita's sons or daughters is blood type O, one of their daughters (A type) married a B type and had an O type son. This means that both parents had to have an recessive O allele masked by the dominant allele. Claire has to have inherited this O allele from Joseph as Rita is blood type AB. Punnett square below illustrates this
Joseph
B O
Rita A AB AO
B BB BO
this explains all four blood types from their progeny, with genotypes AO and BO yielding A and B blood types respectively.
In food chains, the flow of energy is ALWAYS one-way
B. Active transport is the only form of transport that requires the use of protein carriers.
C. Active transport requires the cell to expend energy, while passive transport does not.
The difference between active transport and passive transport is that active transport requires the cell to expend energy, while passive transport does not, which is option C.
Cell membranes are selectively permeable barriers that allow certain materials to pass through while blocking others. In order to cross the membrane, materials move through transport processes. There are two main types of transport: active and passive. Passive transport is the movement of materials across the cell membrane without the input of energy. This includes diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion. These processes are driven by a concentration gradient, which is the difference in concentration of a substance between two areas. Active transport, on the other hand, is the movement of materials across the cell membrane that requires the cell to expend energy.
Hence, the difference between active transport and passive transport is that active transport requires the cell to expend energy, while passive transport does not, which is option C.
Learn more about active transport and passive transport here.
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In aerobic respiration, the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is oxygen. It accepts two electrons and a molecule of water is formed as a by product.
In anaerobic respiration, the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is pyruvate. Anaerobic respiration commonly occurs in the muscle tissue of animals as a result of intense activity or exertion. Pyruvate is used as makeshift electron acceptor in place of oxygen and is reduced or converted to lactic acid.
In the electron transport chain involved in aerobic respiration, oxygen plays the essential role of final electron acceptor. It receives low-energy electrons and forms water, allowing the process to continue and ATP to be produced. This chain also allows for the creation of various other biochemical molecules.
The final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, which is a part of aerobic respiration, is oxygen. As electrons are passed down the electron transport chain, from NADH or FADH₂, they lose energy. This journey through a series of redox reactions creates an electrochemical gradient used in chemiosmosis, contributing to the production of ATP.
Oxygen is the final receiver of these low-energy electrons. In combination with hydrogen ions, it forms water, which is one of the end products of the electron transport chain. Consequently, the presence of oxygen is crucial for the functioning of the electron transport chain and the production of ATP, our body's primary energy currency.
ATP generation is only one of the many functions of the electron transport chain. Other biochemical molecules, such as nonessential amino acids, sugars and lipids, can also be produced from intermediate compounds of glucose catabolism. These molecules, in turn, can serve as energy sources for glucose pathways.
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The correct answer is Mitosis.
The mitosis is a type of cell division, in which the parent cell produces a similar type of daughter cell. The daughter cells, which are formed by the process of the mitosis would have the same number of the chromosomes and the ploidy of the daughter cells would also be same as the parents. In the sexual reproduction, the process of meiosis result in the formation of haploid cells during the process of gamete formation. Hence, meiosis, sexual reproduction, and gamete formation are incorrect answers.