1. Explain the inheritance pattern of the ear lobe attachment trait. Explain bow you determined this.
2. Explain the two inheritance patterns of blood type.
3. What did you determine Joseph's blood type to be? include genotype and phenotype. Explain how you
determined this, including Pumnett Squares to support your reasoning
In complete dominance, the dominant allele hides the expression of the recessive allele. In codominance, both alleles are expressed. 1. Complete dominance / 2. Complete dominance and codominance / 3. Genotype: IBi +- and Phenotype B Rh+.
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1. Explain the inheritance pattern of the ear lobe attachment trait. Explain bow you determined this.
Earlobe attachment is controlled by a single, autosomal, diallelic gene. Let us say that
The inheritance pattern of the earlobe attachment is simple Mendelian inheritance showing complete dominance.
According to allelic combination, each individual will express a phenotype that is the product of a mixture between both parents' genetic charges.
Following the first Mendel principle, each individual has a pair of alleles, and each allele codes for an alternative form of the same trait -for instance, attached and free-. These alleles independently segregate during gamete formation.
In complete dominance, the dominant allele completely masks the recessive allele expression. This is evident in heter0zyg0us individuals that carry both alleles but only express the dominant phenotype.
2. Explain the two inheritance patterns of blood type.
The gene that determines the ABOblood type of a person is a triallelic gene.
According to the allelic combination, the inheritance pattern might be either complete dominance or codominance.
Alleles are IA, IB, and i.
→ H0m0zyg0us dominant or heter0zyg0us Individuals IAIA or IAi will express the A blood type.
→ H0m0zyg0us dominant or heter0zyg0us Individuals IBIB or IBi will express the B blood type
→ Individuals with h0m0zyg0us recessive genotype, ii will express the 0 blood type.
→ Individuals carrying IA and IB alleles will express the ABblood type.
The Rh factor expresses complete dominance, where the + allele is dominant over the - allele. So whenever the + allele is present, either in h0m0zyg0us or heter0zyg0us state, the individual will express Rh+ factor.
3. What did you determine Joseph's blood type to be?
We know that
Rh factor
Cross: Joseph x Rita
Phenotypes) Rh+ x Rh-
Parentals) + - x --
Gametes) + - - -
Punnett square) + -
- +- --
- +- --
F1) 50% of the progeny is Rh + ⇒ heter0zyg0us genotype +-
50% of the progeny is Rh - ⇒ h0m0zyg0us genotype --
ABO
Cross: Joseph x Rita
Phenotypes) B x AB
Parentals) IBi x IAIB
Gametes) IB i IA IB
Punnett square) IB i
IA IAIB IAi
IB IBIB IBi
F1) 25% of the progeny is AB ⇒ Genotype IAIB
50% of the progeny is B ⇒ 25% IBIB + 25% IBi
25% of the progeny is A ⇒ Genotype IAi ⇒ The daughter
So, Joseph's blood type is B and Rh+
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Answer:
1. The shape of the earlobe is determined by a single autosomal gene, with two alleles: the dominant allele (F) expresses a detached (or free-hangning) earlobe, whereas the recessive allele (f) determines an attached earlobe. The potential dominant/recessive combinantions can yield different patterns of inheritance depending on what the allele combination is present in the progenitors (e.g. if both parents are FF, 100% of the progeny will be FF and presenting free earlobes; if one parent is Ff and the other is ff, then the inheritance pattern will be 50% free earlobes 50% attached earlobes.
2. Like the earlobe trait, the inheritance pattern of blood type depends on the combination of alleles, in this case THREE: A, B, and O. A and B are dominant, O is recessive. The Rh factor is determined by the presence (Rh+) or absence (Rh-) of a particular gene (RHD), and is independent from blood type.
3. Joseph's blood Rh factor is +, and his blood type is
Explanation:
1. This is a case of simple Mendelian inheritance. During meiosis, each chromosome will take with it one copy of the allele (e.g., in an individual with Ff genes, one gamete will end up carrying F, the other will end up carrying f). Since this sorting out of alleles is random, there is a random chance that either an F carrying gamete or an f carrying gamete to fuse with a gamete of the opposite gender (carrying in time F or f) to produce the zygote. A Punnett square can be used to show the resulting probabilities (see Question 3).
2. In this case we have two different types of patterns. One given by three allele versions of the same gene, A, B (the dominants), and O, resulting in types A (alleles AA or AO), B (BB or BO), AB (both AB alleles present) and O (OO). The blood type depends on a series of antigens expressed in the cellular membrane, with O alleles expressing none. In the case of the Rh factor, it is inherited independently from blood type as it is coded in a different gene.
3. Joseph's blood factor is Rh+ as some of his progeny with an Rh- partner is Rh +. His blood type is BO, since, even though none of Joseph and Rita's sons or daughters is blood type O, one of their daughters (A type) married a B type and had an O type son. This means that both parents had to have an recessive O allele masked by the dominant allele. Claire has to have inherited this O allele from Joseph as Rita is blood type AB. Punnett square below illustrates this
Joseph
B O
Rita A AB AO
B BB BO
this explains all four blood types from their progeny, with genotypes AO and BO yielding A and B blood types respectively.
B. Increase your daily caffeine consumption.
C. Indulge in junk food if you feel you need it.
D. Increase your intake of whole grains and fresh fruits and vegetables.
The correct answer is (d) Increase the intake of whole grains and fresh fruits and vegetables.
The dietary changes that can help to reduce stress includes the intake of whole grains such as carbohydrates that increases the amount of serotonin in the body. This hormone is known as the happiness hormone that reduces stress. The fresh green leafy vegetables and fruits rich in vitamin C can also help to reduce stress.
Filter feeders and fluid feeders both rely on filtration to consume nutrients, but they do so in distinct ways. Filter feeders sift their nutrients from water, whereas fluid feeders consume liquid food.
The main similarity between filter feeders and fluid feeders is that they both rely on the process of filtration to consume nutrients. Filter feeders, such as whales and clams, sift their food from the water by filtering it through their specialized bodily structures. On the other hand, fluid feeders like mosquitoes and butterflies, consume liquid food, usually by sucking it up, but also use a form of filtration to separate food particles from the liquid.
Both types of feeders obtain their nutrients indirectly and have adapted to their unique feeding methods through evolution. They are both part of the broader category of indirect feeders in the animal kingdom.
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a. True
b. False
Answer:
An organism has a homozygous dominant trait if he has a BB allele.
Explanation:
An organism with two copy of same allele BB or bb considers as homozygous. These homozygous alleles can be recessive bb which is generally masked by dominant if present in combination or dominant BB in nature. Dominant characters or traits are commonly shown by capital letters and recessive traits are shown by small letters. Dominant traits generally appear more then recessive in phenotypes.
Hence, If an organism has allele BB then he has a homozygous dominant trait.