B. radiometric dating
C. photosynthesis
D. respiration
Photosynthesis provided the Earth with an oxygen-rich atmosphere.
Earth's surface environments are highlyoxygenated from the atmosphere to the deepest reaches of the oceans, representing a hallmark of an active photosynthetic biosphere. However, the fundamental timescale of the oxygen-rich atmosphere on Earth remains uncertain, particularly for the distant future.
Scientists estimate that 50-80% of the oxygenproduction on Earth comes from the ocean. The majority of this production is from oceanic plankton drifting plants, algae, and some bacteria that can photosynthesize
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Ans.
Sickle cell anemia is defined as a genetically inherited disorder that causes deformation of red blood cells (RBCs) and inadequate oxygen transport. It is caused by a mutation in the gene that encodes for hemoglobin and leads to formation of a defective protein.
The RBCs transport oxygen to the various parts of body with the help of hemoglobin molecules. Due to defective hemoglobin, blood cells become sticky and rigid, and shape like sickles. The resulting sickle-shaped cells get stuck in blood capillaries that block or slow down blood flow or oxygen transport to the body organs.
Thus, 'sickle cell anemia affects oxygen transport in the body.'
A genetic disorder in which the deformation of red blood cells occurs due to which transportation of oxygen is hindered is called sickle cell anemia.
Further Explanation:
The inherited form of anemia is sickle cell anemia. It is a condition during which the body contains an inadequate amount of red blood cells to fulfill the required supply of oxygen in the body. The normal red blood cells are round and flexible and move with ease through the blood vessels. The defective red blood cells during sickle cell anemia appear like a crescent moon and become sticky and rigid. These defective cells cannot pass the blood vessels and get stuck in between. It may lead to a stoppage and slow down of blood flow, which in turn also obstructs the passage of oxygen throughout the body.
The gene mutation is the cause of the anemia. This gene is responsible for the production of haemoglobin. Haemoglobin is an iron-rich compound which provides the blood with its red color. The red blood cells carry oxygen with the help of hemoglobin, which binds oxygen. Abnormal hemoglobin is produced during sickle cell anemia, which makes the red blood cells rigid and sticky.
These defective genes are passed from parents to the offspring and generate an inheritance pattern, which is called autosomal recessive inheritance. This means both the parents must transfer the defective allele to produce an affected child. If a person inherits a sickle cell gene from only one parent, he/she is a carrier of the disease. This implies that the person can further pass on the gene to his/her progeny.
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Answer Details:
Grade: High School
Chapter: Sickle Cell Anaemia
Subject: Biology
Keywords:
Anemia, sickle cell anemia, red blood cells, oxygen, hemoglobin, blood vessels, mutation, inheritance pattern, autosomal recessive, iron-rich compound, blood, allele, gene.
cells. Microtubules are made up of
proteins and help shape and support
the cell.
Which of the following elements are
most abundant in microtubules?
A. lead and zinc
B. nitrogen and carbon
C. sodium and chlorine
D. iodine and magnesium
Glycogen is a homopolysaccharide formed by units of glucose and is sometimes referred to as animal starch. It can reach up to a molecular weight of 10 to the power 8 DA which corresponds to about 600,000 glucose molecules.
The function of glycogen is that it is the principal form in which glucose is stored in animals and is present in the liver, muscle (skeletal and heart muscle) and in lower amounts in nearly all the other tissues and organs.
Glycogen makes up about 10% of liver weight and 1% of muscle weight. Although it is present in higher a concentration in the liver, the total amount stored in muscles is much higher due the greater mass of the muscles as compared to the liver.
the answer to the question is polymerization