14. Compare How do the skull and brain sizesof modern humans compare to the skulls ofearly primates, such as australopithecines?

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Answer 1

Answer: Humans are members of the genus Homo . Modern people are Homo sapiens . However, we are not the only species of humans who have ever lived. There were earlier species of our genus that are now extinct. In the past, it was incorrectly assumed that human evolution was a relatively straightforward sequence of one species evolving into another. We now understand that there were times when several species of humans and even other hominins were alive. This complex pattern of evolution emerging from the fossil record has been aptly described as a luxuriantly branching bush on which all but one twig has died off. Modern humans are that last living twig. Complicating this evolutionary history even more is the realization that our ancestors very likely mated successfully with members of other closely related species from time to time. As a consequence, our inherited gene pool was enriched by added genetic diversity. This sort of genetic mixing has recently been documented for Neandertals and early modern Homo sapiens living 40-60,000 years ago. It is also likely that there were genetic bottle necking events that periodically reduced our diversity. That largely accounts for the fact that despite our huge human population today, we are remarkably similar genetically compared to other primate species. It also explains why we are now the only surviving hominin species.

The striking similarities in appearance between the human genus Homo and our ancestors, the genus Australopithecus , is sufficient reason to place us both into the same biological tribe (Hominini ). Both genera are bipedal and habitually upright in posture. Humans have been somewhat more efficient at this mode of locomotion. Like australopithecines , early humans were light in frame and relatively short. They were only about 3 ft. 4 in. to 4 ft. 5 in. tall (100-235 cm) and weighed around 70 pounds (32 kg) The evolution of larger bodies occurred later in human evolution. The differences between australopithecines and early humans are most noticeable in the head. Humans developed significantly larger brains and relatively smaller faces with progressively smaller teeth and jaws. In addition, humans became ever more proficient in developing cultural technologies to aid in their survival, while the australopithecines did not.

Late australopithecine Early transitional human

The immediate ancestors of early humans were most likely late australopithecines. At present, the leading contender for that ancestral species is Australopithecus garhi or possibly Australopithecus africanus.

There may have been one or possibly two species of the first humans living in East Africa--Homo rudolfensis and Homo habilis . The few rudolfensis fossils that have been found are somewhat earlier, dating about 2.4-1.6 million years ago, while the more common habilis remains are around 1.9-1.4 million years old. Rudolfensis apparently was a bit taller and relatively larger brained on average. However, many paleoanthropologists consider the differences to be too slight to warrant a separate species designation. Some have suggested that rudolfensis were males and habilis were females. As a result, they classify them both as a single species--Homo habilis. That is the approach taken in this tutorial.

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What is Biogeography the study of

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Biogeography is the study of the distribution of species and ecosystems in geographic space and through geological time. Organisms and biological communities often vary in a regular fashion along geographic gradients of latitude, elevation, isolation and habitat area.

Final answer:

Biogeography is the scientific study of the distribution of species and ecosystems throughout geographical space and over periods. It combines information from biology, geology, and climate science to understand where life exists, where it did in the past, and where it might in the future.

Explanation:

Biogeography is the study of the distribution of species and ecosystems in geographic space and through geological time. It examines patterns of species distribution on Earth and their historical changes. For instance, if we take the example of kangaroos being native to Australia, it's the field of biogeography that explains why such a condition came to be. By merging information from different scientific fields such as geology, biology, and climate science, biogeography can tell us where life exists now, where it existed in the past, and where it might exist in the future. Biogeography is broadly divided into two types: Historical Biogeography (which focuses on long-term, evolutionary timescales) and Ecological Biogeography (which focuses on shorter, ecological timescales). It's a key element in many biological and geographical studies, as understanding the spatial distribution of species can help in conservation planning and can provide insight into the processes of evolution & adaptation.

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Recently scientists have genetically engineered fruit crops to contain vaccines. How might these fruit crops most likely benefit society? A. They could make it cheaper and easier to administer vaccines
B. They could help eradicate all infectious diseases is in the world
C. They could encourage people to eat healthier food
D. They can make fruit cups more productive than they were before

Answers

The best answer to the question stated above is letter A.

Recently scientists have genetically engineered fruit crops to contain vaccines.They could make it cheaper and easier to administer vaccines. This is how these fruit crops most likely benefit society.

Answer: A) They could make it cheaper and easier to administer vaccines.

Explanation: Edible vaccines are much easier to administer than traditional vaccines that must be injected. Edible vaccines would be cheaper to manufacture than traditional vaccines because the vaccine would be produced by the plant as it grows.

1. Earth's outer core is best inferred to be

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Answer:

liquid, with an average density of approximately 11 g/cm3

Explanation:

Final answer:

The outer core of the Earth is inferred to be a liquid layer composed of iron, nickel, and sulfur, compressed to a high density. It's responsible for generating Earth's magnetic field due to the circulation of the liquid metal inside. Notably, its diameter makes it larger than the planet Mercury.

Explanation:

The outer core of Earth is inferred to be a dense, metallic layer, over 2900 kilometers beneath the Earth's surface. It's chiefly composed of iron, nickel, and sulfur, compressed to a very high density. Quite fascinatingly, the outer core, unlike the solid inner core, is liquid.

This liquid state facilitates the circulation of metallic elements within it, helping generate Earth's magnetic field. As the liquid metal inside Earth moves, it sets up a circulating electric current, which subsequently produces a magnetic field.

For size perspective, it's worth noting that with a diameter of approximately 7000 kilometers, Earth's core is larger than the planet Mercury. This fascinating core, and particularly its outer liquid layer, provides key insights into understanding not only earth's geodynamic movements but also the formation of its protective magnetosphere.

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Made up of phloem tissue and a cork cambium that protects the stem User: Guard cells close the _____ to prevent excess water loss.a. stomata
c. epidermis
b. trichomes
d. collenchyma

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a is the answer ............

Which allele combination represents a male who has an X-linked recessive disorder?

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Without the answer options I cannot tell you the answer exactly, however X linked disorders are found only on X chromosomes and are indicated by a lowercase letter next to the X. Xr would be an example of the notation. A male has one X chromosome and one Y chromosome, where females have two X chromosomes.
The allele combination of a male with an x linked recessive disorder would look something like XrY.

The answer is to the question is A:XrY

A population of turtles was introduced to an island that is favorable for the turtles to inhabit. Describe what the population graph would look like for this turtle population over time and provide reasoning as to why the population would show this type of growth.

Answers

Answer:

The turtles would flourish in the ecosystem. The graph would be curved up and it would even out at the carrying capacity.

Explanation:

If the island is favorable for the turtles, that means that they will survive well and be able to reproduce and carry on the population. Of course, there is a limit to how much resources a population can have so it would even out eventually, making the graph show statistical growth.

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In a magazine advertisement, a manufacturer claims its laundry ball, which contains ceramic pellets, gets clothes clean by changing the pH of the water. The ad claims the product reduces wear on their clothing, contaminants in the environment, and the cost of doing laundry. What should the advertisement include to give a consumer more confidence in this product's claims?

Select all that apply. Which statements correspond to cellular respiration? CO2 diffuses passively into the cell. CO2 diffuses passively out of the cell. CO2 must be pumped out of the cell. O2 diffuses passively when produced inside the cell. O2 diffuses passively when converted to CO2. O2 is pumped in and forces CO2 out.

A scientist observes thymine-thymine pairing in DNA instead of the expected thymine-adenine nucleotide pairing. What is most likely to have caused this change?A. a mutation in a gameteB. nondisjunction of chromosomesC. a new gene resulting from crossing overD. mutations induced by the environment

The relationships of plants and animals to each other and their environment is what ecologists call _____.