(2) nitrogen (4) fluorine
Answer: Option (1) is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Carbon atoms are able to combine with its atoms resulting in formation of long chains. This property of carbon is known as catenation. Whereas carbon atom also has the property to combine with other atoms and results in the formation of long chains or rings.
On the other hand, oxygen, nitrogen, and fluorine does not form long chains or rings.
Thus, we can conclude that carbon is the element whose atoms can bond with each other to form long chains or rings.
Introduction:
Understanding the amount of energy required to change the temperature of a substance is fundamental in many fields, from chemistry and physics to engineering and everyday applications. In this case, we're looking at how much energy it takes to heat a 75 g sample of aluminum.
Specific Heat Capacity of Aluminum:
To determine the energy required, we first need to consider the specific heat capacity of aluminum. The specific heat capacity (c) is a unique property of each material and represents the amount of heat energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of that substance by 1 degree Celsius (or 1 Kelvin). For aluminum, the specific heat capacity (c) is approximately 0.897 J/g°C (joules per gram per degree Celsius).
Mass of the Sample:
The next piece of the puzzle is the mass of the aluminum sample. You mentioned that it's 75 grams, so we'll use that value in our calculations.
Change in Temperature:
We're looking to raise the temperature of the aluminum from 22.4°C to 94.6°C. To find the change in temperature (ΔT), we subtract the initial temperature from the final temperature:
ΔT = 94.6°C - 22.4°C = 72.2°C
Calculating the Energy:
Now, we can use the specific heat capacity formula to calculate the energy (Q) needed to raise the temperature of the aluminum sample:
Q = m * c * ΔT
Where:
Q is the energy in joules (J).
m is the mass of the sample (75 g).
c is the specific heat capacity of aluminum (0.897 J/g°C).
ΔT is the change in temperature (72.2°C).
Plugging in these values:
Q = 75 g * 0.897 J/g°C * 72.2°C
Q ≈ 4863.15 J
Conclusion:
Therefore, approximately 4863.15 joules of energy are needed to raise the temperature of a 75 g sample of aluminum from 22.4°C to 94.6°C. This calculation is essential in various scientific and practical applications, from cooking to materials engineering, and helps us understand the energy requirements for temperature changes in different substances.
Answer:
The easiest way is to heat matter which raises its internal energy andso the mass as well. Another possibility is to accelerate matter as in case of protons or heavy ions in the LHC, Protons ,for example , are accelerated to the energies of 6500 GeV which means increase of the rest mass by a factor of almost 7000
Answer:
Explanation:
PCl₅ ⇄ PCl₃ + Cl₂
1 mole 1 mole 1 mole
molecular weight of PCl₅ = 208.5
molecular weight of PCl₃ = 137.5
molecular weight of Cl₂ = 71
moles of PCl₅ = .0185
moles of PCl₃ = .0924
moles of Cl₂ = .1873
Total moles = .2982 moles
mole fraction of PCl₅ = .062
mole fraction of PCl₃ = .31
mole fraction of Cl₂ = .628
If total pressure be P
partial pressure of PCl₅ = .062 P
partial pressure of PCl₃ = .31 P
partial pressure of Cl₂ = .628 P
Kp = .31 P x .628 P / .062 P
= 3.14 P
To calculate Total pressure P
PV = nRT
P x 4 x 10⁻³ = .2982 x 8.31 x 600
P = 371.7 x 10³
= 3.717 x 10⁵ Pa
Kp = 3.14 P = 3.14 x 3.717 x 10⁵ Pa
= 11.67 x 10⁵ Pa
Kp = Kc x
= 1
11.67 x 10⁵ = Kc x
Kc = 234