2. They outlined instructions in the Federalist papers
3. They left the organization of the executive branch undefined
4. They let Congress create the administration
I think it's 3
b. an organism fails to respond to stimuli that are similar to the original stimulus used in conditioning
c. an unconditioned stimulus fails to elicit the unconditioned response.
d. an organism responds to new stimuli that are similar to the original conditioned stimulus.
Answer:
d. an organism responds to new stimuli that are similar to the original conditioned stimulus.
Explanation:
A stimulus generalization is when an individual responds to a new stimulus the same or similar way that it responded to a stimulus with similar characteristics. Considering this information the correct answer is d.
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Stimulus generalization in psychology refers to an organism responding to new stimuli which resemble the original conditioned stimulus. In this case, a learned response to a specific stimulus is also triggered by other, related stimuli. The right answer is (d) an organism responds to new stimuli that is similar to the original conditioned stimulus.
Stimulus generalization is a concept from the field of psychology, specifically within the realm of classical conditioning. It refers to the tendency of a new stimulus, which is similar to the original conditioned stimulus, to induce a response that is identical or similar to the conditioned response. To answer the question, option (d) an organism responds to new stimuli that are similar to the original conditioned stimulus is correct.
For instance, if a bell's ringing (conditioned stimulus) always precedes the giving of tasty food (unconditioned stimulus), a dog may start salivating (conditioned response) at the sound of the bell. In the case of stimulus generalization, the dog might also start salivating when it hears a sound that's similar to the bell, like a whistle. Thus, the original conditioned response (salivation) has been generalized to other similar stimuli (the whistle).
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Answer:
This depends on your state and local laws.
Explanation:
punishing littering is a power reserved to the states, so there is no national law against it.
The estimated price elasticity of demand (PED) for coffee is -0.1647, which means that a 1% increase in the relative price of coffee leads to a 0.1647% decrease in the quantity demanded of coffee. .
The estimated income elasticity of demand (YED) for coffee is 0.5115, which means that a 1% increase in per capita personal disposable income leads to a 0.5115% increase in the quantity demanded of coffee.
The estimated cross-price elasticity of demand (CED) between tea and coffee is -0.0089, which means that a 1% increase in the relative price of tea leads to a 0.0089% decrease in the quantity demanded of coffee. The coefficient is small and statistically insignificant, suggesting that the price of tea does not have a significant effect on the consumption of coffee.
It is possible that advertising expenditure is omitted from the equation because it may be difficult to measure accurately or may not have a significant effect on coffee consumption. Alternatively, advertising may be captured in the error term of the equation.
The trend factor is included in the equation to capture the effect of time on coffee consumption that is not captured by the other variables in the equation. The coefficient on the trend factor is positive, indicating that coffee consumption has been increasing over time during the sample period.
The seasonal pattern in coffee consumption in the USA is captured by the dummy variables D1, D2, and D3, which take the value of 1 in the first, second, and third quarters, respectively, and 0 otherwise. The estimated coefficients on these variables suggest that coffee consumption is highest in the first quarter, lower in the second quarter, and lowest in the third quarter.
The R-squared value of 0.80 suggests that the model explains 80% of the variation in coffee consumption during the sample period. This is a relatively high R-squared value, indicating that the model fits the data well.
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