Plants are not able to directly use atmospheric nitrogen. It must be converted into different form through a nitrogen cycle. In the process of nitrogen fixation, nitrogen fixing bacteria converts atmospheric nitrogen into ammonium. In the process of assimilation, plants incorporate ammonium into proteins.
Some legumes have a symbiotic relationship with bacteria that live in their root system. These bacteria are called Rhizobia and have the ability of nitrogen-fixation.
The statement that mitochondria and chloroplasts cannot survive outside of the cell is not a supporter of the endosymbiotic theory. So the correct option is A.
It's possible that eukaryotic cells originated when several cell types fused to form one. They started coexisting in what are known as symbioticpartnerships. The endosymbiotic theory describes how this may have occurred. One creature that resides inside of another is known as an endosymbiont. Your own cell and all other eukaryotic cells are animals formed of other species' components.
Both the chloroplast and the mitochondrion are organelles that were formerly free-living cells. They were prokaryotes that were ensconced within other cells (host cells). They may have become a part of the other cell by being eaten (a process known as phagocytosis), or they could have been parasites living inside the host cell.
The inner cell lived and flourished with the host cell rather than being ingested by or destroying it. It resembles a landlord and a renter in certain ways. The organelle pays rent by producing energy that the host cell may consume, and the host cell offers a cozy and secure home.
The organelle and the hostcell have developed together throughout time as a result of this long-ago event. The two are now inextricably linked. Even while they now work as a single organism, if we look closely, we can still see traces of the organelles' former lives as free-living entities.
Therefore the correct option is A.
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Answer:
mitochondria and chloroplasts can not survive outside of the cell
Explanation:
The statement is true. Government-run health agencies are primarily funded through taxpayers' dollars. For instance, U.S. health agencies like the CDC and NIH receive significant portions of their budgets from public funds.
True, government-run health agencies are predominantly funded by taxpayers' dollars. These agencies rely on the funding from taxes to carry out their various functions, which can include disease research, public health outreach and education, and oversight of health-related industries. For example, in the United States, agencies like the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) receive large portions of their budget from public funds.
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The trend for mushroom yield as the concentration of heavy metals in the soil increases is generally negative, but some mushroom species may tolerate and accumulate certain heavy metals.
Increased Concentration of Heavy Metals in the Soil and Mushroom Yield :
The trend for mushroom yield as the concentration of heavy metals in the soil increases can vary depending on the type and tolerance of the mushroom species. Some mushrooms are known to accumulate heavy metals, while others may be more sensitive to them. In general, high levels of heavy metals in the soil can have a negative impact on mushroom growth and yield.
For example, some heavy metals like lead, cadmium, and mercury can be toxic to mushrooms, inhibiting their growth and development. These heavy metals may accumulate in the mushroom fruiting bodies, making them unfit for consumption due to potential health risks.
However, there are also mushroom species like oyster mushrooms that have been found to tolerate and even accumulate certain heavy metals. Some studies suggest that certain mushrooms have the ability to detoxify heavy metals by sequestering them into their mycelium or by transforming them into less harmful forms.
The trend for mushroom yield as the concentration of heavy metals in the soil increases is generally negative, with high levels of heavy metals inhibiting growth and potentially making the mushrooms unsafe for consumption. However, some mushroom species may have tolerance mechanisms and even accumulate certain heavy metals. It is important to consider the specific mushroom species and their tolerance levels when assessing the impact of heavy metals on mushroom yield.
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