Answer:
Final answer:
The causes of World War 1 included the unification of Germany, Austria-Hungary's imperialist ambitions, the invasion of Belgium, and Russia's stance on alliances. Expectations at the beginning of the war differed from reality in terms of the number of countries involved, the location of fighting, the impact of technology, and the duration of the war.
Explanation:
The cause of World War 1 can be attributed to multiple factors, including:
- The unification of separate German states into one nation: This led to a sense of nationalism and increased tensions with other European powers.
- Austria-Hungary's imperialist ambitions to dominate the Balkans: The desire for territorial expansion and control in the region created conflict.
- The invasion of Belgium by German troops: This violated Belgium's neutrality and triggered a chain reaction of alliances and declarations of war.
- Russia's desire to stay out of military alliances: Although this was not a direct cause, it played a role in increasing tensions and the formation of alliances.
As for the expectations at the beginning of the Great War, they differed from reality in various ways:
- The war involved more countries than people expected: Initially, it was believed to be a localized conflict, but it escalated into a global war as other nations got involved.
- Naval battles were anticipated, but the fighting occurred on land: The use of trenches and the stalemate on the Western Front shifted the focus of the war from seas to land battles.
- Technology had a significant impact contrary to initial beliefs: The introduction of tanks, airplanes, and chemical weapons changed the nature of warfare.
- The war lasted longer than people expected: Instead of a quick victory, the war dragged on for four years with devastating consequences.
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