During the mitosis, the parent cell changes in size as more protein and RNA synthesis takes place, and then finally, the parent cell is divided into two equal daughter cells.
The parent cell enters the cell cycle as the cell growth is necessitated, and in the first phase, which is the G1 phase, the cell growth takes place due to the increased transcription and translation rates that are needed for the next phases of the cellcycle, and then the DNA replication takes place, and at last the parent cell equally divides to make two daughter cells.
Hence, during the mitosis, the parent cell changes in size as more protein and RNA synthesis takes place, and then finally, the parent cell is divided into two equal daughter cells.
Learn more about the cells during the cell cycle here.
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Answer: it produces 2 daughter cells
Explanation:
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The answer is nonvascular plants.
The plants that are similar to algae are called nonvascular plants. They are the plants small plants with the absence of vascular system. They do not have roots. They have small hair likes that insert to substrate to keep the plants in place instead of roots. These are called rhizoids.
Answer:
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Explanation:
Organism characteristics are influenced by the amino acid sequences of proteins coded by their DNA. Amino acids vary in chemistry and structure thereby causing variation in protein structure and function. Similarities in sequences can infer close evolutionary relationships.
The characteristics of an organism are fundamentally determined by the amino acid sequences of its proteins. Protein sequences, composed of the 20 common amino acids, are coded by the DNA molecule in the cell. Therefore, the sequence of a DNA molecule plays a significant role in understanding an organism's identity and function.
Different amino acids have different chemistries and structural constraints, thus causing enormous variation in protein structure and function. This variety is responsible for the diversity and complexity of life. For instance, the human cytochrome c protein contains 104 amino acids, but when compared to the same protein in different organisms, only 37 of these amino acids appear in the same position. This suggests these organisms are descended from a common ancestor.
Moreover, the 3-dimensional structure of proteins, determined by the amino acid sequence, contains significant information about evolutionary relationships. These relationships can be inferred from variations over time of the nucleotide sequence of a gene. The more similar these sequences are in two organisms, the more closely related they are.
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The evolutionary mechanisms might account for the origin and persistence of cell-to-cell signaling in unicellular prokaryote - quorum sensing
It is Phenomena by which the bacteria can detect the specific stimuli and respond towards the cell population density. It helps in coordinating gene expression andis used in prokaryotes for cell to cell signaling and cell communication.
The main evolution of quorum sensing in bacteria was to relay the information and help in cell signaling by releasing specific toxins. These prokaryotic organisms that are capable of quorum sensing would survive more in their environment, adapt well in their environment.
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The origin and persistence of cell-to-cell signaling in unicellular prokaryotes can be attributed to natural selection, where the ability to communicate provided a survival advantage. Such communication, primarily seen within the same species, facilitated processes like mating and nutrient sensing. This function was further essential in the evolution of multicellular life forms.
The evolutionary mechanisms that might account for the origin and persistence of cell-to-cell signaling in unicellular prokaryotes include natural selection and horizontal gene transfer (HGT).
The first life on Earth comprised of simple single-celled prokaryotic organisms with limited interaction capabilities. However, to adapt and survive in different environmental conditions, these organisms developed a mechanism of signaling within the same species. External signaling also occurs between different species but is limited compared to within-species communication.
Yeasts and bacteria, for instance, signal each other to aid in processes such as mating, nutrient sensing, and social behaviours like forming large complexes called biofilms.
The necessity of cellular communication became even more crucial with the evolution of multicellular organisms. Thus, the ability to communicate through chemical signals that originated in single cells was integral to the evolution of multicellular life forms.
Scientific consensus proposes that metabolically interactive prokaryotic communities may have facilitated the emergence of eukaryotic cells. Hence, the efficiency of these communication systems was pivotal for the diversity and functionality of all life forms as we know it.
Answer:
Phloem
Explanation:
Phloem is the vascular tissue responsible for transporting organic nutrients around the plant body, carries dissolved sugars from the leaves (their site of production) or storage sites to other parts of the plant that require nutrients.
The phloem, part of a plant's vascular system, is the structure that transports organic molecules like sucrose, which is a product of photosynthesis, from the leaf to other parts of the plant. This process involves the active transport of these molecules against a concentration gradient with the aid of ATP and a carrier protein.
The structure used to transport organic molecules from the leaf to other parts of the plant is called the phloem which is part of the plant's vascular system. Products of photosynthesis, known as photosynthates, such as sucrose, are produced in the leaf's mesophyll cells. They are then translocated through this phloem to other parts of the plant where they are either used or stored. This is achieved through cytoplasmic channels called plasmodesmata which connect the mesophyll cells to phloem sieve-tube elements (STEs) in the vascular bundles. The photosynthates, including sucrose, are actively transported against its concentration gradient (which requires ATP) into the phloem cells. This is done by using the electrochemical potential of the proton gradient linked with a carrier protein referred to as the sucrose-H+ symporter.
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analogous structures
Hox genes
intermediate fossil forms.