Answer:
B. motor
Explanation:
The glomerular lesion that is characterized by thickening of the glomerular capillary wall with immune deposition is called membranous glomerulonephritis.
In this condition, there is a buildup of immune complexes, which are composed of antibodies and antigens, in the glomerular capillary walls. This immune deposition leads to inflammation and thickening of the walls, impairing the filtration function of the kidneys.
The thickening of the glomerular capillary wall in membranous glomerulonephritis is caused by the accumulation of immune complexes in the subepithelial space. These immune complexes can be formed due to various underlying causes, such as autoimmune diseases, infections, medications, or certain cancers. The immune complexes trigger an inflammatory response, attracting immune cells to the glomerular capillary walls and causing damage.
As a result of the thickening of the glomerular capillary wall, the normal filtration process in the kidneys is disrupted. This can lead to proteinuria (presence of excess protein in the urine), hypoalbuminemia (low levels of albumin in the blood), and edema (swelling) in the affected individual. Over time, the chronic inflammation and scarring can further impair kidney function and may progress to chronic kidney disease.
To diagnose membranous glomerulonephritis, a kidney biopsy is typically performed to examine the glomeruli under a microscope. The presence of thickened glomerular capillary walls with immune deposits confirms the diagnosis.
Treatment for membranous glomerulonephritis aims to reduce inflammation, control symptoms, and preserve kidney function. Depending on the underlying cause and severity of the condition, treatment options may include medications such as immunosuppressants, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors), or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). In some cases, individuals may require supportive measures such as dietary modifications and fluid restriction.
In summary, membranous glomerulonephritis is a glomerular lesion characterized by thickening of the glomerular capillary wall due to immune deposition. It can result in kidney dysfunction and is typically diagnosed through a kidney biopsy. Treatment options focus on reducing inflammation and preserving kidney function.
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Answer: The correct answer for the fill in the blank is Light dependent phase of photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis ( synthesis of food in presence of sunlight) is primarily divided into Light dependent and light independent phase.
Light dependent phase occurs in the thylakoid membrane within chloroplast and the chemical reactions taking place in this phase are also called Hill reaction. Energy from sunlight is absorbed and converted into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH and Oxygen is produced due to splitting of water in this phase.
Answer;
-Transcription;
Explanation;
-Gene expression involves the process of transcription and that of translation.
-Transcription, which takes place in the nucleus of a cell, involves the synthesis of a messenger RNA (mRNA) from a DNA template. The process is catalyzed by the enyzme RNA polymerase.
-The mRNA synthesiszed from transcription then undergoes the process of translation outside the nucleus (cytoplasm) to form proteins, that may be used for various cellular functions such as regulating cellular reactions.
b. sucrose
c. energy
d. ADP