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Food digestion, edge 2022
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Image result for Explain the interaction between proteins and nucleic acids.
The binding of protein to DNA controls the structure of genomic DNA (chromatin), RNA transcription, and DNA repair mechanisms. The following example illustrates how Invitrogen Dynabeads magnetic beads may be used to recover proteins that bind to nucleic acids.
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The overall error rate of DNA polymerase during replication is 10-8 errors per base pair. Repair enzymes fix 99% of these lesions for an overall error rate of 10-10 per bp. That means one change occurs in every 10 billion base pairs that are replicated.
DNA replication is a highly accurate process, occurring rapidly and with a small number of mistakes, due to the efficiency of the DNA polymerase enzyme and the cell's repair mechanisms. However, any uncorrected mistakes can cause significant consequences, like mutations or even diseases like cancer. This process has been closely studied in prokaryotes such as E. coli.
DNA replication, a critical biological process, typically occurs with a remarkably small number of mistakes, thanks to the accuracy of the DNA polymerase enzyme and other repair mechanisms. This process has been particularly well-studied in prokayotes, like E.
coli, which can replicate its 4.6 million base pairs in about 42 minutes, adding around 1000 nucleotides per second.
However, when mistakes do occur and are not corrected, they can lead to mutations which might have serious consequences, such as cancer, particularly if the repair enzymes themselves are mutated or defective.
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