BIOLOGY HIGH SCHOOL

Brown fat cells produce a protein called thermogenin in their mitochondrial inner membrane. Thermogenin is a channel for facilitated transport of protons across the membrane. What will occur in the brown fat cells when they produce thermogenin? A) ATP synthesis and heat generation will both increase.
B) ATP synthesis will increase, and heat generation will decrease.
C) ATP synthesis will decrease, and heat generation will increase.
D) ATP synthesis and heat generation will both decrease.
E) ATP synthesis and heat generation will stay the same.

Answers

Answer 1
Answer:

Answer:

C) ATP synthesis will decrease, and heat generation will increase.

Explanation:

The energy for ATPs synthesis in the mitochondria is generated by the  Proton Motive Force (PMF), which pumps protons across the intramembrane ;to set up electrochemical gradient for protons between the matrix and intramemebranes.

The energy generated  with the influx of protons down their electrochemical  gradients into the matrix is used for ATPs synthesis by the enzyme ATPase synthase.

Thermogenin however increases the permeability of inner mitochondria membrane to protons. Therefore the pumped protons in the intramemebranes leaked back into the mitochondria matrix,thus reducing the electrochemical gradient, inhibiting chemiosmosis, and therefore the energy for synthesis of ATPs by ATPase synthase enzyme in oxidation phosphorylation.

Therefore these uncoupling protein reduces the proton gradient meant for ATP synthesis.However because of the ability to generate heat  in the body as  non -shivering  mechanism of  heat generation, thermogenin will increase heat  in the brown fat cells.

Explanation:
Answer 2
Answer: B) ATP synthesis will kncrease and heat generation will decrease

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Why does incomplete dominance not support the blending theory of inheritance?

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Incomplete dominance can happen in flowers such as snap dragons where a red flower plant and a white flower plant have an offspring that is neither red nor white but is a mix so in this case it would be pink. It does not support the blending theory as it does not get its colour from the dominant plant in this case but from both.

Bugs effecting unimmunized children: respiratory

Answers

Unimmunized children are susceptible to respiratory infections caused by various bugs, including viruses and bacteria, due to a lack of vaccination protection.

Unimmunized children are more vulnerable to respiratory infections caused by a variety of pathogens such as viruses and bacteria. Vaccinations play a critical role in providing immunity against certain respiratory illnesses, including influenza, pertussis (whooping cough), measles, and others.

When children are not immunized, they lack the specific protection conferred by vaccines, making them more susceptible to infections that can affect the respiratory system. Respiratory infections can lead to complications, compromise overall health, and contribute to the spread of infectious diseases within communities. Immunization programs are essential for preventing the occurrence and transmission of respiratory bugs among unimmunized children, promoting individual and public health.

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QUESTION

What are the potential respiratory effects of bugs on unimmunized children?

There are no longer any members of a population that are alive. This population is said to bea population
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Answers

Extinct is correct. When no members of a species remain, the species is said to be extinct.

Why can't penguins fly?

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Describe 3 ways microbes are detrimental and 3 ways they are beneficial to humans.

Answers

Answer:

Here are the 3 ways:-

Explanation:

  • Microbes are important for your skin, one of the body’s first lines of defense against illness and injury. Skin health depends on the delicate balance between your own cells and the microbes that live on its surface.
  • Microbes are important to the body’s infection-fighting immune system. In one recent study, NIH scientists examined special mice that were born and raised to be germ-free. These mice seemed to have weak immune function. In contrast, normal mice have vibrant bacterial communities and a rich variety of immune cells and molecules on their skin.
  • Microscopic creatures—including bacteria, fungi and viruses—can make you ill. But what you may not realize is that trillions of microbes are living in and on your body right now. Most don’t harm you at all. In fact, they help you digest food, protect against infection and even maintain your reproductive health. We tend to focus on destroying bad microbes. But taking care of good ones may be even more important.

Final answer:

Microbes can be harmful by causing diseases, food spoilage, and creating biological toxins in humans. On the other hand, they can be beneficial by aiding in digestion, recycling nutrients in the environment, and aiding in the production of food and medicine.

Explanation:

Microbes, or microorganisms, are microscopic entities that can be beneficial or detrimental to humans in various ways.

Detrimental Effects of Microbes:

  1. Disease: Many microbes are pathogenic, meaning they can cause diseases in humans such as the common cold, influenza, pneumonia, and more severe diseases like tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS.
  2. Food Spoilage: Microbes can cause food to rot or spoil, leading to food wastage and also food poisoning if consumed.
  3. Biological Toxins: Certain microbes produce biological toxins that are harmful to humans. For instance, the bacteria Clostridium botulinum produces a potent neurotoxin leading to botulism.

Beneficial Effects of Microbes:

  1. Digestion: Microbes in our gut aid in digestion, and also synthesis B-vitamins and vitamin K that humans cannot produce on their own.
  2. Decomposition and Recycling: Microbes play a vital role in decomposing dead organic matter and recycling essential nutrients in the environment.
  3. Food and Medicine Production: Yeasts are used in bread and alcohol production, while other microbes are exploited to produce antibiotics and other medicines.

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What is a ridge-like deposit of sediment at the edge of a glacier?

Answers

Moraine

A moraine is a material left behind by a moving glacier. This material is usually soil and rock. Just as rivers carry along along all sorts of debris and silt that eventually  builds to form deltas, glaciers transport all sorts of dirt and boulders that build up to form moraines. It only show up in places that have, or used to have, glaciers.

The correct answer is:

Morain

Explanation:

A moraine is any glacially formed gathering of unconsolidated glacial detritus that occurs in both currently and previously glaciated regions on Earth, completed geomorphological methods. Moraines are accretions of dirt and rocks that have fallen onto the glacier surface or have been pushed along by the glacier as it moves. The dirt and rocks composing moraines can differ in size from powdery silt to large rocks and cliffs.
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