a. Describe three conditions that create opportunities for normal microbiota to become an opportunistic pathogen. b. Explain three ways in which a bacterium could gain resistance to an antibiotic. c. You are a food manufacturer and you need to sterilize one of your products: powdered milk contained in a glass jar, what would be the best way to do this? d. Explain the mechanism of action of the aminoglycoside group of antibiotics? e. Explain two mechanisms which antibiotic resistant bacteria would be using to be resistant? f. Ten people a stuck in an elevator with a clumsy scientist who drops a vial containing 11 million cells of dangerous bacteria. When the vial breaks the sample aerosolizes. The ID50 of this organism is 5X105 cells and the LD50 is 1X106. How many of these people will potentially get sick and how many could die? Explain your answer

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Answer 1

Answer: B.
genetic variation causes antibiotic resistance

Antibiotics, in one way or another, come from bacteria and fungi themselves. These antibiotics are produced naturally by the bacteria and fungi to eliminate competition with other bacteria present. With such great discovery in this endeavor, many lives were saved. It was not long that bacteria found ways to be resistant to antibiotics. Bacteria that was found on frozen dead bodies are resistant to modern antibiotics. There are two currently known ways as to how bacteria builds resistance against antibiotics. One would be mutation. Due to continued exposed to the antibiotic, the bacteria would adapt to it and cause themselves to mutate to combat antibiotic. The second one would be the swapping of DNA or as what scientists call the horizontal gene transfer. This only applies though to some or few bacteria that already has this feature built-in to them.

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In humans, the placenta is essential to the embryo for(1)nutrition, excretion, and reproduction
(2)respiration, nutrition, and excretion
(3)movement, reproduction, and nutrition
(4)coordination, movement, and growth

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In humans, the placenta is essential to the embryo for RESPIRATION, NUTRITION AND EXCRETION.
The placenta refers to an organ in the uterus of pregnant mammals that is responsible for nourishing and maintaining the unborn baby through the umbilical cord. Th placenta has many functions but primarily it plays critical roles in the nutrition, respiration and excretion of the fetus. Its other functions include: production of hormones, production of immunity for the fetus for prevention from infections, etc.

The placenta is essential to an embryo in a human for nutrition, excretion, and reproduction. The placenta is where the embryo gets all of its nutrition from. The embryo relies on the placenta for everything to make it live and grow.

What are two advantages that locomotion gives to an organism?

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Continental drift used in a sentence

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Long before the contiental drift the cintients was know as pangaea

In a dihybrid cross, round (RR), yellow (YY) seeds were crossed with wrinkled (rr), green (yy) seeds. What were the phenotypes of the F1 generation?

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The answer is

Let's first represent alleles:
R - a dominant allele for round seeds,
r - a recessive allele for wrinkled seeds,
Y - a dominant allele for yellow seeds,
y - a recessive allele for green seeds.

The cross will look like this RRYY x rryy
So, all of the offspring will be heterozygotes (RrYy) with round seeds (Rr), yellow seeds (Yy).

Can we drink too much water?

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Answer:

Although uncommon, it's possible to drink too much water. When your kidneys can't excrete the excess water, the sodium content of your blood is diluted (hyponatremia) — which can be life-threatening.

Answer:

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The illustration below represents what stage of meiosis?A. prophase I
B. anaphase II
C. telophase I
D. metaphase I

Answers

The illustration below represent anaphase II of meiosis. Therefore, option (B) is correct.

What is meiosis?

Meiosis is a type of cell division that produces haploid cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. This process is essential for sexual reproduction in eukaryotes and helps to maintain genetic diversity within populations. Meiosis involves two rounds of cell division, known as meiosis 1 and meiosis 2, each of which consists of several stages, including prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

During meiosis, homologous chromosomes pair up and undergo crossing over, a process in which they exchange segments of genetic material. The resulting haploid cells are genetically distinct from each other and from the parent cell, providing the basis for genetic diversity within a population. Meiosis occurs in the reproductive cells of eukaryotes, such as sperm and egg cells, and is essential for sexual reproduction.

Learn more about meiosis, here:

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B. Anaphase II,because the chromosomes seemed to have crossed and that indicates that it is anaphase II. However, it could be metaphase I because they have not separated and that is when the chrmosomes cross. So, it could be Anapase II or Metaphase I.

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