B) developing nations.
C) primate cities.
D) urban areas.
Answer:
1. Reinforcement and punishment are two separate things. Reinforcement is used to increase the tendency of a particular response, while on the other hand, punishment is used to decrease the tendency of a particular response.
2. To accomplish reinforcement, one may use positive reinforcement or negative reinforcement. Positive reinforcement is a type of reinforcement in which the addition of a rewarding or pleasant stimulus increases the tendency of a particular response. For example, when a student receives an A+ on a test, the student gets to go to the ice cream shop. Negative reinforcement is a type of reinforcement in which the removal of an unwanted or unpleasant stimulus increases the tendency of a particular behavior. For example, when a student receives an A+ on a test, they no don't have to wash the dishes that night.
To accomplish punishment, one may use positive punishment or negative punishment. Positive punishment is a type of punishment in which an unwanted or unpleasant stimulus decreases the tendency of a particular response/behavior. For example, a teen stays out past curfew and now has to do extra chores. Negative punishment is a type of punishment in which the removal of a rewarding or pleasant stimulus decreases the tendency of a particular response. An example of this would be a child getting in trouble and having her favorite toy taken away.
Explanation:
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Answer:
1. Reinforcement is when you are rewarded for doing something right. Punishment is to teach you that you are not doing something right and you must learn from it.
Explanation:
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Answer:
A recession can have a negative effect on mental health. This can increase the demand for mental health specialists or psychologists.
Explanation:
A recession which is a contraction in the economy that can result in people losing their jobs, a high inflation and many economic problems that can affect people's financial situation which could result in mental illnesses because of things like stress, depression, anger, fear, etc. These mental problems would require that people look for help to treat them which will increase the demand for health specialists or psychologists.
B) sociofacts
C) artifacts
D) justdafacts
E) All of the above
B) rimland theory.
C) lebensraum theory.
D) heartland theory.