Ans.
Mucus is an aqueous, slippery secretion produced by cells of mucous membranes and mucous glands. The entire respiratory system is lined with mucous membranes that continuously secrete mucus.
The mucus plays role in trapping the small particles, such as smoke, microbes, and pollen that enter to respiratory tract during inhalation. These trapped particles are then moved out of the nose with the help of cilia present in mucous membrane.
Thus, the correct answer is option A). 'trap particles from the air before they reach lung.'
The purpose of mucus present inside the respiratory system is to trap foreign particles from the air before they reach the lung.
Further Explanation:
Lungs have a powerful defense against respiratory system infections. The nasal cavity is lined with hairs to expel the trapped microbes by a sneeze. During respiration, the ingested air becomes humidified and warm. Such conditions allow the secretion and proper functioning of the mucus formed in the respiratory system. This prevents the delicate respiratory tissues from damage. Turbulence is created when the air enters the lungs due to the expansion of the diaphragm. Thus, the flow of turbulent air makes it difficult for these foreign particles to remain in the lungs.
The bronchioles consist of the cilia (contains goblet cells that secrete mucus) that helps in the up and down movement of the mucus in the conducting airways. The mucus, along with the entrapped foreign particles, can be expelled by coughing and swallowing. The alveolar macrophages help to phagocytize the alien microbes.
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Answer Details:
Grade: High School
Subject: Health
Chapter: Immunology
Keywords:
Lungs, secretion, foreign particles, mucus, cilia, difficult, trapped microbes, sneeze, alveolar macrophages, microbes, coughing, swallowing.
Answer:
Translation may be defined as the formation of the protein product from the RNA molecule. Different enzymes and proteins are required for the process of translation. Translation involves three steps - initiation, elongation and termination.
The testosterone hormone in humans helps in the development of the male secondary sexual characters. The testosterone hormone binds with the proteins and then protein binds to the specific DNA sites. These proteins helps in the transcription of the certain genes and may acts as the enhancers.
B. Cork cambium
C. Vascular cambium
D. Heartwood
The anatomy, or structure, of an organ helps define its function. This can be seen at every biological level - from cells grouping together to form tissues, which combine to create organs, which work collectively within a system to support an organism's survival and growth. An example of this includes the human heart, whose specific muscular structure and internal composition allow it to efficiently pump blood.
The anatomy of an organ, or how it is structured, directly influences what functional roles it can undertake. From the cellular level, where cells initiate all physiological functions, to the tissue level, where a group of similar cells work together to perform a specific function, structure plays a vital role in function. Several tissues come together to form an organ, like the heart or stomach, which performs one or more specific physiological functions.
Take, for example, the human heart. Its robust muscular structure allows it to efficiently pump blood throughout the body. The internal anatomy, including the presence of four separate chambers, ensures that oxygenated and deoxygenated blood do not mix, providing an efficient system for oxygen distribution. To this end, the anatomy of an organ defines its function.
In essence, understanding the anatomy helps fully appreciate the interrelationships of body structures, how they work together to function a particular body region or a systemic anatomical like the muscular system which comprises all skeletal muscles in the body.
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Some viruses consist only of a protein coat surrounding a nucleic acid core. If you wanted to radioactively label the nucleic acids separately from the protein, you would use radioactive nucleotides.
To selectively label the nucleic acids separate from the protein in viruses, radioactive nucleotides are utilized. These radioactive nucleotides contain a radioactive isotope and can be incorporated into the viral nucleic acids during processes like replication or synthesis. This incorporation enables the specific labeling of the genetic material while leaving the protein coat unlabeled.
Researchers use this technique to trace and investigate the behavior and interactions of nucleic acids, providing insights into viral replication, gene expression, and various molecular processes. Radioactively labeled nucleotides, such as tritiated thymidine (3H-thymidine) or 32P-labeled phosphate groups, have been instrumental in advancing our understanding of nucleic acid biology and have applications in fields ranging from virology to molecular genetics.
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Answer: Phosphorous
Explanation:
Phosphorous can be used to label Nucleic acid. Nucleic acids can be modified or labelled using tags .
Some common materials or substances that can be used to label nucleic acids are flurophore, enzymes, radioactive phosphorous, biotin et cetera.
The nucleic acid of virus is labelled using phosphorous. When this virus will infect the host cell then nucleic acids will be seen separately.