Answer:
a. chemical changes and flow of energy
Explanation:
Energy flow from one organisms of one tropic level to other, matter cycling and transformation of energy are the functions that sustain the ecosystem. Transformation of solar energy into chemical energy by plants serves as energy source for all heterotrophic living beings in the system. The heterotrophic organisms digest the ingested food (chemical change) to release energy to support their life processes. The energy stored at one tropic level is carried to next tropic level via food chain and food webs and represents the interaction between living components of ecosystem.
Answer:
Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria change in some way that reduces or eliminates the effectiveness of drugs, chemicals, or other agents designed to cure or prevent infections.
Answer:
When any pathogen enters our body , our immune system in response to pathogen releases antibodies. But if it fails , antibiotics are given.. Thus the resistance to antibiotic comes and so quickly
Answer: During migration, birds may carry seeds or pollen from fruits and flowers in their other habitat. They deposit these seeds and pollen grains in their new habitat. If the seeds take to the new conditions, the new kinds of plants expand the area's gene pool.
Explanation:
B)Moss benefits from exposure to light and moisture as it grows on a tree trunk that is not affected by its presence.
C)Fleas live in the fur of a dog where they periodically pierce the dog’s skin and feed on its blood.
D)Cowbirds lay their eggs in the nests of other birds that are often tricked into rearing the cowbird chicks instead of their biological chicks.
The correct answer is A. Bacteria live in root nodules of a plant, process nitrogen to ammonia for the plant, receive protection and steady food supply which is being got in return.
Mutualism is referred to as the way two organisms which are of different species exist in relationship whereby every individual benefits from activity of each other.
The relationship which is between bacteria and ungulates with the intestine is or good example of mutualism.
Mutualism plays an important role in ecology. We can say that if we measure the exact fitness what we get as a benefit is a mutualistic relationship.