Answer:
Christopher Columbus is one of the most well-known explorers of all times who had made history with the discovery of America. The explorer had made four trips across the Atlantic Ocean in order to find a direct water route connecting Europe and Asia. He never managed to achieve his intentions but instead ended up discovering the ‘New World’.Christopher Columbus was the son of a wool merchant and born in the city of Genoa, Italy in 1451. As a teenager, he worked on a merchant ship and remained at sea till the ship was sunk by pirates. Columbus managed to escape and floated to safety on a scrap of wood. Columbus studied mathematics, astronomy, navigation and cartography in Lisbon and there started his will to explore the world. The first voyage of Columbus was at the end of the 15 the century when it was very difficult to reach Asia from Europe by land. The Portuguese had started sailing around the cape of good hope to reach Asia, but Columbus had other plans in his mind. Columbus wanted to discover a way to sail west along the Atlantic instead of going around the vast African continent. Although Columbus’ plan was sound, the calculations were not entirely correct since his estimation of the earth’s circumference was smaller than reality. Nevertheless, Columbus presented his plans to English and Portuguese officials, where he secured the support of Ferdinand and Isabella. They started their journey on three ships—Nina, Pinta and Santa Maria. The ships reached the Bahamian Islands two months after their departure.
Answer: 15.2 Classification of Mass Wasting
There are three criteria used to classify slope failures:
The type of material that failed (e.g., bedrock or unconsolidated sediment),
The mechanism of the failure (how the material moved as it failed), and.
The rate of movement (how quickly the material moved).
Classification of mass wasting types depends on three factors: The mass of the rock, the lever's length on the fulcrum's both sides, and the force applied to it. These factors influence the speed and extent of the landslide, the potential damage, and how resistance can prevent mass wasting.
Geologists and engineers determine the classification of mass wasting types using three significant factors: the mass of the material involved, the force acting on it, and the resistance against the force.
The mass of the rock can significantly influence how fast or slow the landslide will occur as well as the potential damage it will cause. The more massive the material, the more severe the consequences may be.
The length of the lever on both sides of the fulcrum refers to the nature of the slope. A slope's steepness and length can affect how the mass wasting occurs. A steeper and longer slope often means a more rapid and extensive landslide.
The force applied usually refers to the gravitational pull acting on the mass. This is the primary force causing the landslide. Meanwhile, the resistance against the force could be the mechanical strength of the material and physical barriers along the slope. However, if the force exceeds the resistance, mass wasting will occur.
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The answer is directed pressure.