b. shield volcanoes, cinder cones, and composite volcanoes.
c. calderas, conduits, and vents.
d. shield volcanoes, cinder cones, and calderas.
Answer:
Insolation is the amount of solar radiation that is received by a planet. Some of this energy is absorbed or reflected by the atmosphere, if there is one, and some reaches the surface.Terrestrial external radiation is due to the decay of radioactive materials in the earth itself. Terrestrial external radiation is created by the process of the natural breakdown—or radioactive decay—of radioisotopes in natural materials such as rocks, soil, vegetation, and groundwater.
Explanation: