Answer:
Seepage; runoff
Explanation:
In nature, water is constantly circling: from the water surfaces it evaporates, travels up in the atmosphere, there it condensates, forms clouds, and then again falls to the land and water surfaces. This cycle has been going on for thousands and thousands of years and is known as the water cycle.
Now, the real question is how does the water, fallen from the clouds, on the land, travel back to the oceans.
Soil consists of multiple layers, some are water permeable, and some are not. When water (rain) reaches the soil, through tiny pores in upper permeable layers it will travel downward, deeper and deeper. This process is called the seepage. Upon reaching the water-impermeable layers, it stops, becoming part of what is known the underground water. It will continue to flow on this layer until it finds its way back on the surface, usually in a form of a spring, which will find its way to a river, and river will take that water to a sea or an ocean.
However, if the soil is to saturated with water, especially during long rainy, stormy period, or in the spring, after the snow melts. This excess water will, because of the gravity, flow over the earth's surface, from higher (mountains) to lower (valley) areas, making its way to some valley river, which will take it further to a sea or an ocean.
Upon reaching the ocean, this land-water can again join the water cycle, again and again.
The media are widely used in microbiology laboratories to isolate and identify specific bacterial species or groups based on their growth characteristics and metabolic activities.
Yes, a media can indeed be both selective and differential, and such media are commonly referred to as "selective-differential media" or "selective and differential media."
These types of media are designed to encourage the growth of specific microorganisms while also allowing for the differentiation of various microbial groups based on their metabolic characteristics or other properties.
Here's how they work:
1. **Selective Aspect:** Selective media contain ingredients that inhibit the growth of certain types of microorganisms while promoting the growth of others.
This selectivity is achieved through the addition of chemicals or compounds that inhibit the growth of unwanted microbes. For example, the addition of salts, dyes, or antibiotics can inhibit the growth of specific bacterial species.
2. **Differential Aspect:** Differential media contain indicators that allow for the differentiation of microorganisms based on their metabolic activities.
These indicators can be substances that react with specific metabolic byproducts produced by microorganisms, causing observable changes in the media.
For example, pH indicators can change color in response to the production of acids or alkaline compounds by different bacteria.
Common examples of selective-differential media include:
- **MacConkey Agar:** Selective for Gram-negative bacteria and differential for lactose fermenters (pink colonies) vs. non-lactose fermenters (colorless colonies).
- **Mannitol Salt Agar:** Selective for staphylococci and differential for mannitol fermenters (yellow colonies) vs. non-fermenters (pink/red colonies).
The combination of selective and differential properties allows microbiologists to efficiently screen for the presence of target organisms and gain valuable information about their biochemical capabilities.
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Answer:
The correct answer is - bioethics.
Explanation:
The study of the issues related to the ethics emerged from the knowledge of the biology-related studies and other branches and their application. This is the study that is concerned with how one should use and apply biological knowledge.
Bioethics is based on what is moral to do with or believes of the peoples. It affects the use of several biological processes to perform such as cloning, stem cell-related researches and many more.
Thus, the correct answer is - bioethics.