the answer to #4. is city-states
It would appear from some reading I have done that democracy originated in Ancient Athens around 508 BC. If you need more information on this, you can let me know:)
A tendon joins a bone to a bone; a ligament joins a muscle to a bone.
B.
A tendon joins a muscle to a bone; a ligament joins a bone to a bone.
C.
A tendon covers a bone; a ligament supplies nutrients to a bone.
D.
A tendon supplies nutrients to a bone; a ligament covers a bone