Many drugs can be applied to the skin without entering the blood. How is this fact explained by the structure of the skin

Answers

Answer 1
Answer: The skin is made of epidermis and dermis layer. The blood vessel can be found in the dermis layer, a layer below the epidermis. To reach the blood, the drug has to pass through the epidermis. 
Epidermis is a layer that made of keratinized squamous epithelial cell that located in the outer layer. The epidermis layer is strong and prevents movement of water, which makes them hard to be penetrated by drugs. If the drug doesn't have a good penetration, it will not reach the dermis, thus not reaching the blood vessel. 

Answer 2
Answer:

Medicines which are applied on skin they penetrate into the skin through hair follicles or epidermis and then into the circulation.

Further explanation

Skin

It can be defined as the largest skin organ with an all-out territory of around 20 square feet. The skin shields us from microorganisms and the components, manages body temperature, and grants the vibes of touch, warmth, and cold.

Layers of skin

It comprises three layers which are following.

Epidermis

It is the first layer of skin and it is a waterproof obstruction that gives skin its tone. Dead cells are shed consistently from the epidermis as new ones have their spot. Every day 500% million skin cells are shed by us. Indeed, the furthest pieces of the epidermis comprise of 25–30 layers of dead cells.

Layers of epidermis

  1. stratum corneum
  2. stratum lucidum
  3. stratum granulosum
  4. stratum spinosum
  5. stratum germinativum

Dermis

It makes sweat and oil, gives sensations and blood to the skin, develops hair. It is connective tissue, and it shields the body from anxiety It gives the skin quality and versatility. On the off chance that the dermis is extended a great deal, for example, during pregnancy, the dermis can be torn, and this appears as supposed stretch imprints.

It comprises two layers

  1. Papillary region
  2. Reticular region

Subcutaneous tissue

It joins dermis to the body, controls body temperature, stores fat. The most profound layer is called subcutaneous tissue, the hypodermis. It isn't actually part of the skin however appends the skin to hidden bone and muscle. Subcutaneous tissue likewise gives skin nerves and blood supply.

Absorption through skin

Drugs penetrate from the external surface of the skin both into the skin. Skin assimilation identifies with the level of introduction to and conceivable impact of a substance which may enter the body through the skin. Human skin comes into contact with numerous operators deliberately and accidentally. Skin assimilation can happen from word related, ecological, or shopper skin introduction to synthetic concoctions, beautifying agents, or pharmaceutical items.

Answer details

Subject: Biology

Level: High school

Key words

  • Skin
  • Layers of skin
  • Epidermis
  • Layers of epidermis
  • Dermis
  • Subcutaneous tissue
  • Absorption through skin

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The chart matches messenger RNA codons with amino acids.A DNA strand has the codon AAT. According to the chart, the corresponding messenger RNA codes for which amino acid?

Answers

Answer:

The answer is leucine

Explanation:

The transcript of AAT is UUA, which is the code for leucine. Using the chart, first find the U on the left, for the first position. Then, go to the first column to find the U for the second position. This means it has to be either phenylalanine(phe) or leucine(leu(). To determine, use the last letter, A, on the right hand side of the chart. Since this is found in the bottom half of the U-U box, it must correspond to leucine.

The corresponding codon to AAT would be AAU, which would code for Asparagine. During mRNA coding, the tyrosine nucleotides transfer over to uracil, which gives the U in place of the T. Transfer RNA will then code for UUA, the complements to AAT.

A bee sting is painful because the bee releases methanoic acid , which attacks nerves in the skin . It can be treated using a neutralization reaction by applying a cream that contains what ?

Answers

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What are the storage requirements for oxygen and acetylene cylinders?

Answers

Final answer:

Oxygen and acetylene cylinders should be stored separately and upright in a well-ventilated, dry area away from heat or ignition sources. The temperature should be below their critical temperatures to maintain their state. Depending on the gases, a large storage capacity may be required.

Explanation:

Oxygen and acetylene cylinders are often used in applications like oxyhydrogen and oxyacetylene torches. These cylinders come with specific storage requirements to ensure safety and maintain the integrity of the gases inside.

Firstly, oxygen and acetylene cylinders should be stored separately. Oxygen is an oxidizing agent and can react with acetylene, a fuel, causing a fire or explosion if not stored correctly. Acetylene cylinders should be stored upright, as acetylene is typically dissolved in a liquid and could escape from the cylinder if stored on its side.

Storage areas should be well-ventilated, dry, and situated away from sources of heat or ignition. Cylinders should also be stored at temperatures below their critical temperatures to maintain their state. For example, for CO₂ it's around 31 °C. Above this temperature, no amount of pressure can liquefy CO₂, hence no liquid CO₂ would exist in the cylinder.

Moreover, a large storage capacity may be required. As a point of reference, it would require roughly 1020 L (269 gal) of gaseous methane at about 1 atm of pressure to replace 1 gallon of gasoline, due to differences in energy content.

Learn more about Gas Cylinder Storage here:

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Answer:

The storage requirements for oxygen and acetylene cylinders are critical to ensure safety. Here are some general guidelines:

1. **Separation**: Oxygen and acetylene cylinders should be stored separately, and there should be a minimum distance or physical barrier between them. This separation is essential because oxygen supports combustion, while acetylene is highly flammable. Keeping them apart reduces the risk of a dangerous reaction.

2. **Ventilation**: Storage areas should be well-ventilated to prevent the accumulation of gases in the event of a leak. Adequate ventilation helps dissipate any escaping gas and reduces the risk of fire or explosion.

3. **Secure Storage**: Cylinders should be stored upright and securely chained or strapped to prevent them from falling over. Falling cylinders can damage the valves or cause leaks, leading to hazardous situations.

4. **Protection from Heat and Sunlight**: Oxygen cylinders should be protected from direct sunlight and excessive heat. High temperatures can increase the pressure inside the cylinder and pose safety risks. Acetylene cylinders should also be protected from extreme heat, as they can become unstable when exposed to high temperatures.

5. **Labeling**: Cylinders should be labeled properly to indicate their contents. This helps identify gases quickly and prevents accidental mix-ups.

6. **No Smoking or Open Flames**: Smoking, open flames, or any potential sources of ignition should be prohibited in the storage area.

7. **Regular Inspection**: Cylinders should be periodically inspected for damage, corrosion, or other issues. Damaged cylinders should be removed from service and properly handled.

8. **Compliance with Regulations**: It's essential to comply with local, state, and national regulations regarding the storage and handling of compressed gases. These regulations may vary depending on your location and the specific industry.

9. **Safety Equipment**: Make sure that appropriate safety equipment, such as fire extinguishers, is readily available in the storage area in case of emergencies.

It's crucial to consult with relevant safety authorities or experts in your area to ensure that you are following all the necessary safety guidelines and regulations for storing oxygen and acetylene cylinders. These gases can be hazardous, and proper storage is essential to prevent accidents and ensure the safety of personnel and property.

What proportion of alleles do identical twins have in common

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Folded membranes are an advantage to a cell because ?

Answers

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